A hollow fiber membrane module includes a pressure vessel, a plurality of hollow fiber membrane elements arranged in series inside the pressure vessel, and a connector that connects the hollow fiber membrane elements to each other. Each of the hollow fiber membrane elements includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and a double-core tube extending in a longitudinal direction of the plurality of hollow fiber membrane elements. The connector includes a first channel and a second channel that do not communicate with each other. Between the hollow fiber membrane elements, the outer channels of the hollow fiber membrane elements are connected to each other through the first channel, the inner channels of the hollow fiber membrane elements are connected to each other through the second channel, and hollow portions of the hollow fiber membranes communicate with the inner channels through the second channel.

The present invention discloses a beverage dispenser, having a supply opening adapted for supplying an aqueous liquid from a source of aqueous liquid, wherein the supply opening is couplable to the source of aqueous liquid; a recooling heat exchanger having a heat receiving portion, a recooling inlet and a recooling outlet, wherein the supply opening is coupled with the recooling inlet; a reverse osmosis filter having an inlet for aqueous liquid, a permeate outlet and a concentrate outlet, wherein the recooling outlet of the recooling heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the reverse osmosis filter; and a cooling device having a cooling portion extracting heat energy from the permeate and a heat dissipation portion dissipating energy to the heat receiving portion of the recooling heat exchanger; wherein the heat dissipation portion of the cooling device is thermally coupled with the heat receiving portion of the recooling heat exchanger; and wherein the cooling portion of the cooling device is thermally coupled with the permeate exiting the permeate outlet of the reverse osmosis filter, wherein the permeate enters the cooling portion by a cooling portion permeate inlet and exits the cooling portion by a cooling portion permeate outlet.

Contaminant-sequestering coatings include a network of hydrolyzed silane compounds including (i) a plurality of fluorinated functionalities, and (ii) a plurality of thiol functional groups are provided. The network of hydrolyzed silane compounds includes a fluorinated silane including (a) a hydrophilic polar head region. The polar head region includes one or multiple units of ethylene glycol (EG) functionality, (b) a fluorine-containing region, and (c) an anchor region including a silicon atom. The contaminant-sequestering coatings may sequester one or more per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), heavy metals, biological species, or any combination thereof.

The water treatment apparatus of the present invention comprises a flocculation part into which water to be treated is introduced, at least two flocculant adding devices installed so that different flocculants can be added to the flocculation part, one or two or more water quality measurement devices for measuring the quality of the water to be treated, and a controlling part for issuing, on the basis of the measurement result from the water quality measurement device(s), a command relating to whether addition of the flocculants to the corresponding flocculant adding device is required or not and to the added amounts of the flocculants, wherein at least one of the flocculant adding devices is an auxiliary flocculant adding device.

Divalent ions are extracted from solids by leaching to form a divalent ion-containing solution. The divalent ion-containing solution is subjected to concentration to form a concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. Precipitation of a divalent ion hydroxide salt is induced from the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. In other cases, the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution is exposed to carbon dioxide to induce precipitation of a divalent ion carbonate salt.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water can be concentrated and prepared for destruction in a pretreatment phase. Following annihilation of the PFAS in supercritical conditions to levels below 5 parts per trillion (ppt), the water effluent can be used to recover heat, returned to sub-critical conditions, and then released back into the environment.

A water purifier includes a water purification unit, and an ice making unit. The water purification unit includes: a water filter for filtering introduced raw water to provide the purified water and unfiltered living water; a purified water tank including a first storage for storing unfiltered water, a second storage for storing the purified water discharged from the water filter, and a separation membrane formed of an impermeable material which independently partitions the first storage and the second storage and has elasticity, wherein the second storage shrinks when the first storage expands, and the first storage shrinks when the second storage expands; a flow channel connecting the water filter, the purified water tank, and the ice making unit to provide a passage through which the raw water, the living water, and the purified water flow; and a valve unit including a plurality of valve modules.

A method and apparatus are disclosed for carbon dioxide removal and sequestration from ambient air or point source emissions by integration of four self-sufficient systems including a PEO renewable energy generation system, a desalination system, a pH-swing hydration or a direct hydration system, and a bicarbonate fixed, and alkalinity enhanced dense brine sequestration system, in which, the synergy between the PEO energy generation system and other three systems including provision of all needed renewable energy for operation of other three systems, the synergy between the desalination and other systems including provision of freshwater needed for the PEO energy generation system and the pH-swing system, as well as provision of a dense brine fluid from the desalination system to the pH-swing or the direct hydration system, and in the case of available freshwater supply where the desalination system can be avoided.

Systems and methods to separate water and remove solids from a pre-treated and unfiltered renewable feedstock at or separate from a refinery. Such systems and methods may be used to provide a reduced-contaminant and reduced-solid renewable feedstock for further refining.

An emitter apparatus is mounted on a marine structure powered by wind or marine hydrokinetic energy to disperse a carbon dioxide sorbent such as sodium hydroxide. The sorbent can be generated by reverse osmosis of seawater with electrolysis of the brine, or delivered from an external supply. Suitable marine structures include offshore wind turbines, marine hydrokinetic generators, offshore oil platforms, merchant vessels, and other fixed and mobile structures. Effective capture is made by dispersing a fine mist or fog of aqueous sorbent from nozzles with a particle size from a nozzle of less than 100 microns. The sorbent reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide forming carbonates and bicarbonates, which drift and fall to the ocean surface, reducing surface acidity and capturing additional atmospheric carbon dioxide via absorption at the local ocean surface. The resulting carbonates sink to the ocean floor and are there sequestered.