The process of reacting nanoscale ce-MoS.sub.2 nanosheets anchored on oxide support with lead in solution at room temperature whereby the reaction is rapid and spontaneous resulting in the formation of PbMoO.sub.4-xS.sub.x in the process of scavenging Pb.sup.2+ and Pb.sup.4+ present in the solution.

The process of reacting nanoscale ce-MoS.sub.2 nanosheets anchored on oxide support with lead in solution at room temperature whereby the reaction is rapid and spontaneous resulting in the formation of PbMoO.sub.4-xS.sub.x in the process of scavenging Pb.sup.2+ and Pb.sup.4+ present in the solution.

The ParaDice Process System is the interconnection of a renewable power source to power an ocean water electrolysis apparatus comprising a water container, an electrolysis cell, optionally a precious metal harvesting probe, a filtration system, and a settlement pond wherein the hydrogen generated as a result of electrolysis is supplied to either a hydrogen combustion engine or hydrogen turbine to power an electricity generator thereby creating a renewable zero carbon emission electric power generation system. The hydrogen gas is collected by a chlorine scrubber and transferred to either a hydrogen combustion engine or a hydrogen turbine. Where a hydrogen turbine is embodied the waste heat created therein is used to generate electricity and increase the performance of the filtration system and settlement pond.

The ParaDice Process System is the interconnection of a renewable power source to power an ocean water electrolysis apparatus comprising a water container, an electrolysis cell, optionally a precious metal harvesting probe, a filtration system, and a settlement pond wherein the hydrogen generated as a result of electrolysis is supplied to either a hydrogen combustion engine or hydrogen turbine to power an electricity generator thereby creating a renewable zero carbon emission electric power generation system. The hydrogen gas is collected by a chlorine scrubber and transferred to either a hydrogen combustion engine or a hydrogen turbine. Where a hydrogen turbine is embodied the waste heat created therein is used to generate electricity and increase the performance of the filtration system and settlement pond.

A method for treating a waste stream from a copper CMP process including dissolved copper and abrasive particles having a number weighted mean size of less than 0.75 μm includes introducing the waste stream into a feed tank, flowing the waste stream from the feed tank into an ultrafiltration module, filtering the waste stream through a membrane of the ultrafiltration module to form a solids-lean filtrate, directing the solids-lean filtrate from the ultrafiltration module through an ion exchange unit to remove dissolved copper and produce a treated aqueous solution having a lower copper concentration than the copper concentration of the waste stream, backwashing the membrane ultrafiltration module to remove the slurry solids from the membrane of the ultrafiltration module, and combining the removed slurry solids with the treated aqueous solution to form a combined discharge stream having a copper concentration suitable for discharge into the environment.

A method for treating a waste stream from a copper CMP process including dissolved copper and abrasive particles having a number weighted mean size of less than 0.75 μm includes introducing the waste stream into a feed tank, flowing the waste stream from the feed tank into an ultrafiltration module, filtering the waste stream through a membrane of the ultrafiltration module to form a solids-lean filtrate, directing the solids-lean filtrate from the ultrafiltration module through an ion exchange unit to remove dissolved copper and produce a treated aqueous solution having a lower copper concentration than the copper concentration of the waste stream, backwashing the membrane ultrafiltration module to remove the slurry solids from the membrane of the ultrafiltration module, and combining the removed slurry solids with the treated aqueous solution to form a combined discharge stream having a copper concentration suitable for discharge into the environment.

A method of treating an aqueous solution containing quantum dots, the method includes: a dissolution liquid preparation step of dissolving a quaternary ammonium salt and a potassium salt in an aqueous solution containing quantum dots to prepare a dissolution liquid; a phase separation step of heating the dissolution liquid to separate the dissolution liquid into two phases, which are a quaternary ammonium salt phase containing a large amount of the quaternary ammonium salt and a potassium salt phase containing a large amount of the potassium salt, and also to cause the quantum dots to be included in either one of the quaternary ammonium salt phase and the potassium salt phase; and a fractionation step of separating the quaternary ammonium salt phase and the potassium salt phase by fractionation.

Potable drinking water is plagued with widespread arsenic contamination, particularly in developing communities. Ferric ions were introduced to interact with arsenate based on the strong affinity of arsenate for ferric hydroxides, followed by mucilage addition. The mucilage coagulated and flocculated the ferric-arsenate complex and formed visible flocs that settled at the bottom of the tubes. The system showed 75-96% arsenate removal in 1 hour, while longer retention times showed 100% removal. The role of the mucilage was demonstrated by untreated solutions showing no concentration difference and remaining stable for more than 15 days. This mucilage-based technology has the potential to be a relatively inexpensive, environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic polymer flocculants for removing arsenic from drinking water.

A compound heavy metal chelating agent, which relates to the field of chemical and environmental protection technology, includes dithiocarboxylate functionalized ethoxylated pentaerythritol core hyperbranched polymer and alkylene diamine-N,N′-sodium bisdithiocarboxylate with a molar ratio in a range of 1:1.0 to 1:10.0. The two different structural types of components have the synergistic positive effect. While chelating heavy metals, the compound heavy metal chelating agent alternately combine with heavy metals to form insoluble chelating super-molecular deposits, which has both chelation and flocculation functions. The compound heavy metal chelating agent meets the standard for treating heavy metal wastewater, and low concentration heavy metal wastewater. It has a wide adaptability range, and does not need to add coagulant. Moreover, it is simple in preparation method, easily available for raw materials, low in cost, and easy to be industrialized.

A compound heavy metal chelating agent, which relates to the field of chemical and environmental protection technology, includes dithiocarboxylate functionalized ethoxylated pentaerythritol core hyperbranched polymer and alkylene diamine-N,N′-sodium bisdithiocarboxylate with a molar ratio in a range of 1:1.0 to 1:10.0. The two different structural types of components have the synergistic positive effect. While chelating heavy metals, the compound heavy metal chelating agent alternately combine with heavy metals to form insoluble chelating super-molecular deposits, which has both chelation and flocculation functions. The compound heavy metal chelating agent meets the standard for treating heavy metal wastewater, and low concentration heavy metal wastewater. It has a wide adaptability range, and does not need to add coagulant. Moreover, it is simple in preparation method, easily available for raw materials, low in cost, and easy to be industrialized.