A method of fabricating a shaped optical element for refracting infrared light. The method can include providing a chalcogenide glass mass within a precision mold, the chalcogenide glass mass having a starting volume that is equal to or less than about 105% of the volume of the shaped optical element, precision molding the chalcogenide glass mass by providing heat and pressure to form the chalcogenide glass mass into a near-net shaped optical element, removing the near-net shaped optical element from the precision mold, and refining the near-net shaped optical element to generate the shaped optical element, the outside diameter of the near-net shaped optical element being less than or equal to 25 μm larger than an outside diameter of the shaped optical element. The near-net shaped optical element can have an outside diameter less than 20 μm greater than the outside diameter of the shaped optical element.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a lithium silicate crystalline or amorphous glass overlaying the top surfaces of zirconia and the manufacturing process thereof. More specifically, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a lithium silicate glass or lithium silicate crystalline glass with high light transmittance and good coloring characteristics and the manufacturing process thereof, which overlays the top surface of zirconia with high mechanical strength, frameworks, or copings. The lithium silicate crystalline or amorphous glass may include 10-15 wt % Li.sub.2O, 71.1-85.0 wt % SiO.sub.2, 2-5 wt % P.sub.2O.sub.5 working as nuclear formation agent, 1-5 wt % Al.sub.2O.sub.3 to increase glass transition temperature and softening temperature, as well as chemical durability of the glass, and 0.01-1.0 wt % ZrO.sub.2 which increases the binding strength of the zirconia substructure.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a lithium silicate crystalline or amorphous glass overlaying the top surfaces of zirconia and the manufacturing process thereof. More specifically, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a lithium silicate glass or lithium silicate crystalline glass with high light transmittance and good coloring characteristics and the manufacturing process thereof, which overlays the top surface of zirconia with high mechanical strength, frameworks, or copings. The lithium silicate crystalline or amorphous glass may include 10-15 wt % Li.sub.2O, 71.1-85.0 wt % SiO.sub.2, 2-5 wt % P.sub.2O.sub.5 working as nuclear formation agent, 1-5 wt % Al.sub.2O.sub.3 to increase glass transition temperature and softening temperature, as well as chemical durability of the glass, and 0.01-1.0 wt % ZrO.sub.2 which increases the binding strength of the zirconia substructure.

An appliance for sealing elastic hoses with a sleeve, which is plastically deformable and slipped onto the hose, has two jaws which are movable towards and away from each other. One jaw has two straight bars which project towards the other jaw and extend transversely of the sleeve to make two transverse indentations in the sleeve and the hose when the jaws are moving towards each other. The same jaw has a cutting edge which projects towards the other jaw and is directed transversely of the sleeve, the cutting edge making a substantially transverse cutting indication in the sleeve and the hose when the jaws are moving towards each other.

An optical glass contains the following components in molar percentage of cations: 2-20% of P.sup.5+, 20-40% of A1.sup.3+, 0.5-10% of Ba.sup.2+, 5-25% of Sr.sup.2+, 15-35% of Ca.sup.2+, and 1-15% of Mg.sup.2+, and contains the following components in molar percentage of anions: 83-95% of F.sup.− and 5-17% of O.sup.2−. The fluorophosphate optical glass has a refractive index (nd) of 1.42-1.45, an Abbe number (vd) of 93-96, a density (ρ) of 3.55 g/cm.sup.3 or less, a bubble degree of grade B or above, a thermal expansion coefficient of 160×10.sup.−7/K or less, a durability of water (D.sub.w) of grade 2 or above, and an excellent crystallization resistance performance.

Molding a Li ion conductive sulfide glass construct into a flat preform shape using a mold having a molding surface of a material that is chemically inert in direct contact with a glass blank when heated can improve molding performance.

Provided is a method of molding an optical element to obtain the molded optical element. The method includes: preparing a die set including an upper die having an upper molding surface, a lower die having a lower molding surface, a side die in which a through hole is formed, and a sleeve configured to accommodate the upper die, the lower die, and the side die; disposing a mold material on the lower molding surface after inserting the lower die into the through hole of the side die; heating the mold material; press molding the mold material with the upper die and the lower die to integrally move the side die and the lower die with respect to the upper die and the sleeve; and pushing the optical element upward by raising the lower die with respect to the side die and the sleeve.

Provided is a method of molding an optical element to obtain the molded optical element. The method includes: preparing a die set including an upper die having an upper molding surface, a lower die having a lower molding surface, a side die in which a through hole is formed, and a sleeve configured to accommodate the upper die, the lower die, and the side die; disposing a mold material on the lower molding surface after inserting the lower die into the through hole of the side die; heating the mold material; press molding the mold material with the upper die and the lower die to integrally move the side die and the lower die with respect to the upper die and the sleeve; and pushing the optical element upward by raising the lower die with respect to the side die and the sleeve.

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing an optical element (202), wherein a blank of transparent material is heated and/or provided and, after heating and/or after being provided between a first mold (UF) and at least one second mold (OF), is press molded to form the optical element (202), in particular on both sides, and is then sprayed with a surface treatment agent.

Systems and methods for texturing substrates (e.g., glass, metal, and the like) and the textured substrates produced using such systems and methods are disclosed. An exemplary textured substrate includes a surface having a portion with a root-mean-square roughness between 40 to 1000 microns and an autocorrelation function greater than 0.5 for distances less than 50 microns. An exemplary system for texturing a substrate includes a plunger with a textured surface, where a portion of the textured surface has a root-mean-square roughness between 40 to 1000 microns and an autocorrelation function greater than 0.5 for distances less than 50 microns. An exemplary method for texturing a substrate includes the steps of generating a pattern defining a texture, and 3-D printing the pattern on the substrate to form the texture.