A catalyst includes a carrier, and a metal obtained by reducing a metal ion supported on the carrier 1) in a supercritical state or 2) in a polar organic solvent, wherein the carrier is an inorganic porous body having a hierarchical porous structure. By employing the catalyst, it is possible to exhibit better catalytic activity than a conventional catalyst. Heat generation and spontaneous ignition are prevented because no organic porous body is used.

Provided is a method of producing an anhydride of an organic mono-acid comprising contacting an organic mono-acid and a thermally regenerable anhydride to produce the anhydride of the organic mono-acid, and either a diacid of the regenerable anhydride, a partially hydrolyzed regenerable anhydride, or both. In a particular example, acetic acid and glutaric anhydride can be reacted to form acetic anhydride.

Provided is a method of producing an anhydride of an organic mono-acid comprising contacting an organic mono-acid and a thermally regenerable anhydride to produce the anhydride of the organic mono-acid, and either a diacid of the regenerable anhydride, a partially hydrolyzed regenerable anhydride, or both. In a particular example, acetic acid and glutaric anhydride can be reacted to form acetic anhydride.

Provided is a photo-oxidation reaction of benzylic C—H bonds of an aromatic compound under the catalysis of an acid catalyst. The method aims to synthesize aromatic acids and acetophenones. The acid catalyst is one of Bronsted acids, including one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and potassium hydrogen sulfate, as well as N-propylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, and N-butylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate. The oxidation reaction is conducted under mild conditions (normal temperature and pressure) using air or oxygen as the oxidant in the presence of recyclable catalyst and solvent.

Provided is a photo-oxidation reaction of benzylic C—H bonds of an aromatic compound under the catalysis of an acid catalyst. The method aims to synthesize aromatic acids and acetophenones. The acid catalyst is one of Bronsted acids, including one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and potassium hydrogen sulfate, as well as N-propylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, and N-butylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate. The oxidation reaction is conducted under mild conditions (normal temperature and pressure) using air or oxygen as the oxidant in the presence of recyclable catalyst and solvent.

The present invention discloses a newly high-efficiency method for co-production of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone based on the aerobic oxidation, that is, under the developed catalytic system, the aldehyde is oxidized to corresponding carboxylic acid while cyclohexanone is oxidized to ε-caprolactone, realizes the co-production of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone. The salient features of this method include the use of cheap and readily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly, and easy operation. It can realize the co-production of carboxylic acid and high value-added ε-caprolactone.

The present invention discloses a newly high-efficiency method for co-production of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone based on the aerobic oxidation, that is, under the developed catalytic system, the aldehyde is oxidized to corresponding carboxylic acid while cyclohexanone is oxidized to ε-caprolactone, realizes the co-production of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone. The salient features of this method include the use of cheap and readily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly, and easy operation. It can realize the co-production of carboxylic acid and high value-added ε-caprolactone.

The present disclosure provides methods for using anthranilic acid (2-AA) blocked by tertbutyloxycarbonyl (Boc) groups in protocols for labeling glycans for analysis, and kits providing 2-AA-Boc and acids for unblocking blocked 2-AA for use in glycan labeling and analysis.

The present disclosure provides methods for using anthranilic acid (2-AA) blocked by tertbutyloxycarbonyl (Boc) groups in protocols for labeling glycans for analysis, and kits providing 2-AA-Boc and acids for unblocking blocked 2-AA for use in glycan labeling and analysis.

Provided is a method of lubricating a sliding part by applying a lubricating base oil containing an ester compound to the sliding part. The ester compound contains a mixture of one or more compounds represented by a general formula (1) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent a hydrogen, a methyl, a benzoyloxy, a naphthoyloxy, or general formula (2) (—O—C(═O)—R.sup.5), R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a benzoyloxy group, a naphthoyloxy group, or general formula (2), and R.sup.5 represents a linear C5-21 alkyl group, a branched chain C9-21 alkyl group, or a C5-21 cycloalkyl group that may also be substituted with an alkyl chain. The mixture contains a compound in which at least one among R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is general formula (2), and the proportion, in the mixture, of a compound in which at least one among R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is a benzoyloxy group or a naphthoyloxy group is 5-100 mole %.