Provided is an efficient and effective process for preparing certain organotin compounds having alkyl and alkylamino substituents. The process provides the organotin compounds in a highly pure crystalline form which are particularly useful as precursors in the deposition of high-purity tin oxide films in, for example, extreme ultraviolet light (EUV) lithography techniques used in the manufacture of certain microelectronic devices.

A lithium ion secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The anode includes a cyclic compound and the cyclic compound includes one or more of a first cyclic compound, a second cyclic compound, and a third cyclic compound.

The present disclosure is related to organic acceptor-donor-acceptor compounds as non-fullerene acceptors for use in organic photovoltaics.

An organometallic precursor for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is provided. An organometallic precursor includes an aromatic di-dentate ligand, a transition metal coordinated to the aromatic di-dentate ligand, and an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) cleavable ligand coordinated to the transition metal. The aromatic di-dentate ligand includes a plurality of pyrazine molecules.

Synthesis reactions are described to efficiently and specifically form compounds of the structure RSnL3, where R is an organic ligand to the tin, and L is hydrolysable ligand or a hydrolysis product thereof. The synthesis is effective for a broad range of R ligands. The synthesis is based on the use of alkali metal ions and optionally alkaline earth (pseudo-alkaline earth) metal ions. Compounds are formed of the structures represented by the formulas RSn(C≡CSiR′.sub.3).sub.3, R′R″ACSnL.sub.3, where A is a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br or I) or an aromatic ring with at least one halogen substituent, R′R″(R′″O)CSnL.sub.3 or R′R″(N≡C)CSnZ.sub.3.

The present disclosure includes a method of obtaining an alkyltintrihalide, obtaining a solvent, and contacting the alkyltintrihalide and the solvent, thereby forming an alkyltintrihalide adduct. Also described is a composition including: an alkyltintrihalide adduct of the formula: RSnX.sub.3.Math.(solv).sub.n, wherein: R is a substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, an unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, a substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkenyl, or an unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkenyl; X is Cl, Br, or I; solv is a solvent; and n is at least 1.

Monoalkyl tin triamide compounds having purity of at least about 99 mol % and the chemical formula RSn(NMe.sub.2).sub.3 are described. R.sup.1 is selected from R.sup.A, R.sup.B, and R.sup.C; R.sup.A is a primary alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.B is a secondary alkyl group having about 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.C is a tertiary alkyl group having about 3 to 10 carbon atoms; each R.sup.2 is independently an alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and a content of R.sup.1Sn(NR.sup.2.sub.2).sub.2(N(R.sup.2)CH.sub.2NR.sup.2.sub.2) is less than about 1 mol %. Methods for synthesizing, purifying, and storing these compounds are also provided. The monoalkyl tin compounds may be used for the formation of high-resolution EUV lithography patterning precursors and are attractive due to their high purity and minimal concentration of dialkyl tin and other tin impurities.

Provided are a p-type organic semiconductor represented by Chemical Formula (1), which has improved thermal resistance and may detect near-infrared light, and a photoelectric conversion film, a photoelectric conversion device, and an image sensor including the same: ##STR00001## In Chemical Formula (1), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, and R.sub.3 to R.sub.26 are independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group, an oxy group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a thio group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group.

Tin(IV)-117m is reduced by an acidic antimony solution to tin(II)-117m. A chelant is added to the solution of tin(II)-117m, and the pH is raised, forming tin(II)-117m chelant complex. The chelant is a bifunctional chelant, preferably attached to a bioactive molecule and reacted with the tin(II)-117m to form a radiopharmaceutical.

Large scale (bulk) compositions comprising high-purity stannsoporfin are disclosed, as well as methods of synthesizing such compositions.