Described herein are methods and compositions relating to nanodiscs, e.g., phospholipid bilayers with a proteinaceous belt or border. Further provided herein are loopable membrane scaffold proteins, e.g., for forming nanodiscs.

A reaction cell for an automated peptide synthesizer consists of a body having adjacent first and second reaction wells for simultaneous reactions. The first reaction well is in fluid communication with the second reaction well for reagent pre-activation simultaneously with an amino acid addition for solid state peptide production.

An improved method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. In particular the deprotecting composition is added in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated acid from the preceding coupling cycle, and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle. Thereafter, the ambient pressure in the vessel is reduced with a vacuum pull to remove the deprotecting composition without any draining step and without otherwise adversely affecting the remaining materials in the vessel or causing problems in subsequent steps in the SPPS cycle.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus for synthesizing a biopolymer, a method for preparing an apparatus for synthesizing a biopolymer, and a method of synthesizing a biopolymer. The apparatus comprises (a) a substrate comprising atop surface and a plurality of wells, wherein each of the plurality of wells comprises a first electrode disposed on the bottom of the well and a linker attached to the sides of the well; and (b) a fluidic chamber system disposed on the top surface of the substrate.

A method for producing an intermediate antibody regioselectively modified, which comprises: (1) mixing a solution comprising an antibody material and a solution comprising a reagent for regioselectively modifying an antibody in a micromixer to form a mixture comprising the antibody material and the reagent, wherein the reagent comprises a compound comprising an affinity substance to an antibody and a reactive group to an antibody; and (2) passing the mixture through a reaction channel to allow the antibody material and the reagent to react in the reaction channel to form a solution comprising an intermediate antibody regioselectively modified, wherein the processes (1) and (2) are continuously performed in a flow microreactor, is capable of rapidly producing a desired antibody derivative regioselectively having a functional substance or functional substances.

An improvement of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed. The method includes the steps of adding the deprotection composition in high concentration and small volume to the mixture of the coupling solution, the growing peptide chain, and any excess activated amino acid from the preceding coupling cycle; and without any draining step between the coupling step of the previous cycle and the addition of the deprotection composition for the successive cycle; and with the coupling solution at a temperature of at least 30 C.

Methods and systems for control of solid phase peptide synthesis are generally described. Control of solid phase peptide synthesis involves the use of feedback from one or more reactions and/or processes (e.g., reagent removal) taking place in the solid phase peptide synthesis system. In some embodiments, a detector may detect one or more fluids flowing across a detection zone of a solid phase peptide synthesis system and one or more signals may be generated corresponding to the fluid(s). For instance, an electromagnetic radiation detector positioned downstream of a reactor may detect a fluid exiting the reactor after a deprotection reactor and produce a signal(s). In some embodiments, based at least in part on information derived from the signal(s), a parameter of the system may be modulated prior to and/or during one or more subsequent reactions and/or processes taking place in the solid phase peptide synthesis system. In some embodiments, the methods and systems, described herein, can be used to conduct quality control to determine and correct problems (e.g., aggregation, truncation, deletion) in reactions (e.g., coupling reactions) taking place in the solid phase peptide synthesis system.

The present invention provides improved automated systems and methods for synthesis of biopolymers including DNA and RNA. The automated systems and methods represent a number of improvements over existing systems for multiplex synthesis of biopolymers in a combinatorial fashion.

A system and method are disclosed. A system for contacting a mobile solid phase with a flowing fluid phase includes: one or more reaction module, wherein the one or more reaction module comprises a conduit for the passage of a fluid phase and a solid phase, the conduit comprising a fluid input port and a fluid outlet port, and a first service module operably connected to a first side of a reaction module, the first service module for supplying and/or receiving the fluid phase to and/or from the reaction module, wherein the system is configured for passing a solid phase through the reaction module, via the conduit.

The present invention provides for a one-pot enzymatic approach which does not require removal of the enzyme and purification of the intermediate after deglycosylation step, and the Endo-S treatment is able to do both deglycosylation and transglycosylation. The one-pot strategy of the present invention enables chemoenzymatic synthesis of an azido-tagged N-glycoform of monocloncal antibodies which could be further modified through orthogonal chemical ligation for various applications.