A composition for a high refractive index, low dispersion resin for a close-contact double layer-type composite diffractive optical element that is highly photocurable and provides a high productivity, and a close-contact double layer-type composite diffractive optical element using such composition are provided. A composition for a high refractive index, low dispersion resin for a close-contact double layer-type composite diffractive optical element includes a thiol compound represented by general formula (1) or an oligomer synthesized by use of a thiol compound represented by general formula (1) (A component); and an ene compound including two or more polymerizable unsaturated bonds (B component). (In the formula, p represents an integer of 2 to 5; X.sub.p and Z.sub.p independently represent a hydrogen atom or a mercaptomethyl group; a ratio of sulfur atoms in a molecule is 40 to 80% by mass; and the number of thiol groups is 3 or larger.).

An organic-inorganic hybrid composition including a polymer having a triazine ring structure in a main chain of the polymer (A); an inorganic particulate (B); and a surface-treating agent having a triazine ring structure represented by Formula (1)(C): ##STR00001## wherein, in Formula (1), R.sub.1 is a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfo group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, wherein a number median diameter (Dn50) of the inorganic particulate (B) is greater than or equal to about 1 nm and less than or equal to about 20 nm.

An organic-inorganic hybrid composition including a polymer having a triazine ring structure in a main chain of the polymer (A); an inorganic particulate (B); and a surface-treating agent having a triazine ring structure represented by Formula (1)(C): ##STR00001## wherein, in Formula (1), R.sub.1 is a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfo group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, wherein a number median diameter (Dn50) of the inorganic particulate (B) is greater than or equal to about 1 nm and less than or equal to about 20 nm.

A polythiol composition according to exemplary embodiments includes at least two different polythiol-based compounds, wherein a peak area (%) of the polythiol compound represented by C8H18S6, which is measured through a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis graph obtained at a wavelength of 230 nm, ranges from 0.90% to 1.30%. By controlling the sub-polythiol compound, an optical product having excellent transmittance and optical properties can be manufactured.

A method of producing a thiourethane resin raw material, the method comprising a reaction step of generating a thiourethane resin raw material by contacting a composition X, which comprises a thiourethane resin and a foreign material, and an active hydrogen compound with each other, and thereby reacting the thiourethane resin in the composition X, and the active hydrogen compound, with each other.

A method of producing a thiourethane resin raw material, the method comprising a reaction step of generating a thiourethane resin raw material by contacting a composition X, which comprises a thiourethane resin and a foreign material, and an active hydrogen compound with each other, and thereby reacting the thiourethane resin in the composition X, and the active hydrogen compound, with each other.

Provided are thiol-acrylate hydrogels and tunable cell culture materials including thiol-acrylate hydrogels, and methods of making thereof. Also provided are systems for forming three-dimensional cell culture scaffolds including the materials, and methods of culturing cells, including cancer cells, using thiol-acrylate hydrogels and tunable cell culture materials. The materials herein can be used in microfluidic droplet-generating devices.

Provided are thiol-acrylate hydrogels and tunable cell culture materials including thiol-acrylate hydrogels, and methods of making thereof. Also provided are systems for forming three-dimensional cell culture scaffolds including the materials, and methods of culturing cells, including cancer cells, using thiol-acrylate hydrogels and tunable cell culture materials. The materials herein can be used in microfluidic droplet-generating devices.

An embodiment relates to an aromatic polythiol compound for optical materials, and the aromatic polythiol compound according to the embodiment contains a phenyl group and a large number of sulfur atoms in its polythiol structure so that a polymerizable composition and an optical material obtained therefrom have excellent optical properties such as high refractive index and low specific gravity, as well as excellent mechanical properties such as low cure shrinkage; thus, they can be advantageously used for producing various plastic optical lenses such as eyeglass lenses and camera lenses.

An embodiment relates to an aromatic polythiol compound for optical materials, and the aromatic polythiol compound according to the embodiment contains a phenyl group and a large number of sulfur atoms in its polythiol structure so that a polymerizable composition and an optical material obtained therefrom have excellent optical properties such as high refractive index and low specific gravity, as well as excellent mechanical properties such as low cure shrinkage; thus, they can be advantageously used for producing various plastic optical lenses such as eyeglass lenses and camera lenses.