Provided are dual cure monomer are of the formula: (I) wherein R* is a (hetero)hydrocarbyl group; X.sup.1 is —O—, —S—, —NR.sup.3—, —NR.sup.3—CO—NR.sup.3, —CO—NR.sup.3— or NR.sup.3—CO—, where R.sup.3 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or R.sup.1-Epoxy; R.sup.1 is a divalent (hetero)hydrocarbyl group; X.sup.2 is —O—, —S—, —NR.sup.4—, —NR.sup.4—CO—NR.sup.4—, —CO—NR.sup.4—, —NR.sup.4—CO— where R.sup.4 is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl or R.sup.2—CH═CH.sub.2; R.sup.2 is a divalent (hetero)hydrocarbyl group; subscripts a and b are at least one, subscripts c and d are at least one, with the proviso that the monomer has at least two epoxy groups and at least two ene groups. ##STR00001##

Dual cure compositions include a combination of an organoborane complex and a radical oxidizing agent as co-catalysts. The compositions are curable under dark conditions and can be used to catalyze thiol-ene reactions. The compositions are useful as sealants.

The present disclosure describes, in part, a polymer, for example a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, comprising one or more subunits comprising (i) at least one dianhydrohexitole moiety (ii) at least one urethane moiety and (ill) a thiol moiety having two or more sulphur atoms. The thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers may be biodegradable and possess excellent thermoplastic properties, including outstanding toughness, resulting from its semi-crystallinity and low glass transition temperature, that surpasses many leading plastics such as nylon 6 and high-density polyethylene (HOPE) and methods of making same.

The present disclosure describes, in part, a polymer, for example a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, comprising one or more subunits comprising (i) at least one dianhydrohexitole moiety (ii) at least one urethane moiety and (ill) a thiol moiety having two or more sulphur atoms. The thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers may be biodegradable and possess excellent thermoplastic properties, including outstanding toughness, resulting from its semi-crystallinity and low glass transition temperature, that surpasses many leading plastics such as nylon 6 and high-density polyethylene (HOPE) and methods of making same.

Polymers having mechanical properties approaching or exceeding commercial elastomers and engineering thermoplastics, but improved biostability, are described herein. In one embodiment, the polymers have a hard segment containing one or more disulfoxide or disulfone moieties and a soft segment connected to the hard segment to form an elastomeric polymer. The polymer is resistant to oxidation and/or hydrolytic degradation, particularly in vivo, which allows for the use of these materials in implants/devices which are implanted for an extended period of time. The ratio or percentage by weight of soft segment to hard segment can be varied based on the physical and mechanical properties of the desired device.

A chemically amplified positive-type photosensitive resin composition capable of suppressing the occurrence of footing in which the width of the bottom (the side proximal to the surface of a support) becomes narrower than the top (the side proximal to the surface of a resist layer) in the nonresist portion when a resist pattern serving as a template for a plated article is formed on a metal surface of a substrate having a metal surface using the composition. A mercapto compound having the formula (C) shown below is added to the composition and includes an acid generator which generates acid upon exposure to an irradiated active ray or radiation and a resin the solubility of which in alkali increases under the action of acid: ##STR00001##
wherein n1, n2, R.sup.c1, and R.sup.c are defined in claim 1.

A chemically amplified positive-type photosensitive resin composition capable of suppressing the occurrence of footing in which the width of the bottom (the side proximal to the surface of a support) becomes narrower than the top (the side proximal to the surface of a resist layer) in the nonresist portion when a resist pattern serving as a template for a plated article is formed on a metal surface of a substrate having a metal surface using the composition. A mercapto compound having the formula (C) shown below is added to the composition and includes an acid generator which generates acid upon exposure to an irradiated active ray or radiation and a resin the solubility of which in alkali increases under the action of acid: ##STR00001##
wherein n1, n2, R.sup.c1, and R.sup.c are defined in claim 1.

Provided are methods of producing sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers from beta-lactones. The sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers include bio-based sulfur- and phosphorus-containing polymers that may be obtained from renewable sources.

An embodiment relates to a polymerizable composition for a plastic lens. The polymerizable composition for a plastic lens according to the embodiment comprises a nonhalogenated tin-based catalyst and a diketone compound as a low-temperature reaction rate controlling agent. Accordingly, the polymerizable composition has a more stable pot life so that the polymerization rate can be appropriately controlled, thereby improving the reactivity and the workability, and that the generation of bubbles are prevented, thereby improving the transparency of the resin.

Described is a thiol-ene composition that includes a resinous mixture of at least a first monomer and at least a second monomer, in which the first monomer is a polyfunctional allyl monomer and the second monomer is a polyfunctional thiol and the molar ratio of the first monomer to the second monomer is about 60:40 to about 80:20. Said composition further includes conductive colloidal particles in an amount between about 4 wt % and about 7 wt % of the total composition. When cured, a formed composition offers self-healing properties and resistance to abrasions and scratches that exceed the levels found in comparative thiol-enes that either lack the addition of the conductive colloidal particles and/or have a less effective ratio of first monomer to second monomer.