A fluorescent compound in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention has high stability under a water-soluble condition to be easily stored for a long time and improve pH stability and can be more efficiently used for labeling and dyeing of a target material by introducing the triazine substituted with a hydroxyl group as a linker to improve the fluorescent intensity even at a low concentration as compared with the conventional structure. Further, the fluorescent compound is excellent in optical stability and exhibits stable fluorescence in long-term dyeing, and is excellent in fluorescence intensity while being not accumulated in the body, and thus, can be easily dyed and imaged in vivo even in the use of a small amount as compared with the conventional dyes to be economically used.

According to the present teachings, compositions, kits, and methods for protein melt analysis are provided that utilizing one or more fluorophore dyes. In some embodiments, a method comprises preparing a sample by mixing at least one protein with two or more dyes, and applying a controlled heating, while recording the fluorescence emission of the sample. The methods can be used, for example, for screening conditions for optimized protein stability, screening for ligands that bind and enhance protein stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions), screening for mutations for enhanced stability, screening crystallization conditions for protein stability, screening storage conditions for protein stability, and screening conditions in which a protein will be used (e.g., production conditions, treatment conditions, etc.) for protein stability.

An infrared-sensitive color developing composition develops colors in a high density with an infrared exposure and does not significantly discolor when aged. A lithographic printing plate precursor which has extremely excellent plate-inspecting properties and favorable storage stability and is capable of maintaining favorable color-developing properties is provided, as is a plate making method for a lithographic printing plate in which the lithographic printing plate precursor is used. A new compound that can be preferably used as an infrared-sensitive color developer is also provided. An infrared-sensitive color developing composition of the invention includes a compound represented by Formula (1) (Component A). In addition, the compound in the present invention is represented by Formula (1). ##STR00001##

The present invention provides novel compounds and methods for hydrocyanines derived from near-infrared cyanine dyes, as reactive oxygen species probes in imaging. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides reduced dyes as substrates for ELISA and Western blots.

A color filter substrate is disclosed, including a substrate, a black matrix disposed on the substrate and multiple color resist blocks separated by the black matrix and disposed on the substrate. Each color resist block is filled with a color resist material, the color resist material includes pigment molecules, including at least one photosensitive substituent. A liquid crystal display device having the same is also disclosed. Utilizing an UV irradiation step in the CF process, the pigment molecules are aligned directionally, which can increase the transmittance of the color filter substrate, the utilization rate of the backlight, and decrease the power consumption. Under the same display brightness, the thickness of the color filter substrate can be decreased; the pigment molecules aligned directionally can make an emitting light to be along a same direction to reduce the light interference between adjacent sub-pixels having different colors to greatly decrease the color shift.

Provided are a display device and a method for manufacturing the same. The display device of an embodiment may include a base layer, a light emitting element, and an encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer included in the display device may include a first inorganic layer, a second inorganic layer, and an organic layer, and the organic layer may include a near-infrared absorbing dye to contribute to reducing a dead space, and accordingly, the display device may exhibit improved display quality.

A method of quenching excited state energy from a photodegradable pigment that has been excited by absorption of light having a wavelength in the wavelength range of 290-800 nm, comprising reacting a pigment with a conjugated fused tricyclic compound having electron withdrawing groups of Formula (II) or a salt thereof:

##STR00001## wherein: A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, CO, CS,

##STR00002## B.sup.1, B.sup.2, D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, CF.sub.3, CC13, NR33+, NO2, CN, C(=0)R4, C(O)OR, SO2R5, aryl, and CCHR6; each m independently is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; a is 0 or 1; each R is independently selected from the group consisting of LI, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl; each R.sup.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; each R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl; each R.sup.5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, O, OH, NH.sub.2, and Cl; and each R.sup.6 is-independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl.

According to the present teachings, compositions, kits, and methods for protein melt analysis are provided that utilizing one or more fluorophore dyes. In some embodiments, a method comprises preparing a sample by mixing at least one protein with two or more dyes, and applying a controlled heating, while recording the fluorescence emission of the sample. The methods can be used, for example, for screening conditions for optimized protein stability, screening for ligands that bind and enhance protein stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions), screening for mutations for enhanced stability, screening crystallization conditions for protein stability, screening storage conditions for protein stability, and screening conditions in which a protein will be used (e.g., production conditions, treatment conditions, etc.) for protein stability.

To provide a photoelectric conversion element being excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of photoelectric conversion function, a method for producing the photoelectric conversion element, and a solar cell using the photoelectric conversion element. A photoelectric conversion element having a substrate, a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer containing a semiconductor and a sensitizing pigment, a hole transport layer having a conductive polymer, and a second electrode, wherein the hole transport layer is formed by bringing the photoelectric conversion layer into contact with a solution containing a conductive polymer precursor and an oxidizer at a ratio of 0.1<[Ox]/[M] (wherein [Ox] is the molar concentration of the oxidizer; and [M] is the molar concentration of the conductive polymer precursor), and irradiating the photoelectric conversion layer with light.

A method of quenching excited state energy from a pigment that has been excited by absorption of light having a wavelength in the wavelength range of 290-800 nm, comprising reacting a pigment with a conjugated fused tricyclic compound having electron withdrawing groups: of Formula (II) or a salt thereof: ##STR00001## wherein: A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, CO, CS, ##STR00002##
and ##STR00003## B.sup.1, B.sup.2, D.sup.1, and D.sup.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, CF.sub.3, CCl.sub.3, NR.sup.3.sub.3.sup.+, NO.sub.2, CN, C(O)R.sup.4, C(O)OR.sup.1, SO.sub.2R.sup.5, aryl, and CCHR.sup.6; each m independently is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; n is 0 or 1; each R.sup.1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl; each R.sup.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; each R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl; each R.sup.5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, O.sup., OH, NH.sub.2, and Cl; and, each R.sup.6 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl.