A polyester resin that is a condensation polymer of a polyol mixture including an epoxidized vegetable oil and a rosin additive, a polycarboxylic acid and a vegetable-derived polyol; has a mass ratio (rosin/epoxidized vegetable oil) between the rosin and the epoxidized vegetable oil of 2-10; and has a biomass content of at least 80%. The polyester resin has a high proportion of biomass-derived components and can be used to obtain an offset printing ink composition that has excellent scratch resistance and excellent abrasion resistance.

A polyester resin that is a condensation polymer of a polyol mixture including an epoxidized vegetable oil and a rosin additive, a polycarboxylic acid and a vegetable-derived polyol; has a mass ratio (rosin/epoxidized vegetable oil) between the rosin and the epoxidized vegetable oil of 2-10; and has a biomass content of at least 80%. The polyester resin has a high proportion of biomass-derived components and can be used to obtain an offset printing ink composition that has excellent scratch resistance and excellent abrasion resistance.

Methods for product authentication, which include: providing an article having a substrate with an analyte encoded composition; obtaining a sample of the composition; applying the sample to a test device to obtain test results, analyzing test results from the test device using an electronic device communicatively connected to an authentication authority, wherein the electronic device transmits the test device code and the test results to the authentication authority and confirms or denies authentication after comparison to an authentication database of authentic test results.

Methods for product authentication, which include: providing an article having a substrate with an analyte encoded composition; obtaining a sample of the composition; applying the sample to a test device to obtain test results, analyzing test results from the test device using an electronic device communicatively connected to an authentication authority, wherein the electronic device transmits the test device code and the test results to the authentication authority and confirms or denies authentication after comparison to an authentication database of authentic test results.

The present invention relates to biomaterial in the form of dispersion of cellulose nanofibrils with extraordinary shear thinning properties which can be converted into desire 3D shape using 3D Bioprinting technology. In this invention cellulose nanofibril dispersion, is processed through different mechanical, enzymatic and chemical steps to yield dispersion with desired morphological and rheological properties to be used as bioink in 3D Bioprinter. The processes are followed by purification, adjusting of osmolarity of the material and sterilization to yield biomaterial which has cytocompatibility and can be combined with living cells. Cellulose nanofibrils can be produced by microbial process but can also be isolated from plant secondary or primary cell wall, animals such as tunicates, algae and fungi. The present invention describes applications of this novel cellulose nanofibrillar bioink for 3D Bioprinting of tissue and organs with desired architecture.

The present invention relates to biomaterial in the form of dispersion of cellulose nanofibrils with extraordinary shear thinning properties which can be converted into desire 3D shape using 3D Bioprinting technology. In this invention cellulose nanofibril dispersion, is processed through different mechanical, enzymatic and chemical steps to yield dispersion with desired morphological and rheological properties to be used as bioink in 3D Bioprinter. The processes are followed by purification, adjusting of osmolarity of the material and sterilization to yield biomaterial which has cytocompatibility and can be combined with living cells. Cellulose nanofibrils can be produced by microbial process but can also be isolated from plant secondary or primary cell wall, animals such as tunicates, algae and fungi. The present invention describes applications of this novel cellulose nanofibrillar bioink for 3D Bioprinting of tissue and organs with desired architecture.

The present disclosure relates to a DNA-based biodegradable resin composition. The DNA resin composition prepared by combining DNA as a polymer and Bipyridine-based compound as a flocculant has excellent physical properties and biodegradability, so it can be used as a bioplastic material.

Methods of fabricating 3D printed structures from biocompatible proteins include forming a photoreactive, proteinaceous resin, and 3D printing biocompatible structures from the resin by the patterned application of light in a select wavelength to cure the resin into the desired structures. Suitable photoreactive proteinaceous resins can be formed by reacting an aqueous solution of an acrylated or methacrylated globular protein with a photoreactive comonomer or photoinitiator. Structures printed from the photoreactive, proteinaceous resin can be photo-cured and dried to form bioplastic structures.

Methods of fabricating 3D printed structures from biocompatible proteins include forming a photoreactive, proteinaceous resin, and 3D printing biocompatible structures from the resin by the patterned application of light in a select wavelength to cure the resin into the desired structures. Suitable photoreactive proteinaceous resins can be formed by reacting an aqueous solution of an acrylated or methacrylated globular protein with a photoreactive comonomer or photoinitiator. Structures printed from the photoreactive, proteinaceous resin can be photo-cured and dried to form bioplastic structures.

A method of bioprinting a bioink printed structure and a bioprinted composition resulting from this method is provided. Biological cells are mixed with biomaterial inks. These biomaterial inks have a biopolymer backbone with grafted thereto a first bio-orthogonal chemical group. The mixed biological cells and biomaterial inks are extruded into a support bath. The next step is diffusing crosslinking molecules which have a second (complementary to the first) bio-orthogonal chemical group, in the support bath, whereby the diffusing crosslinking molecules react via bioorthogonal click-chemistry between the first and second bio-orthogonal chemical groups resulting in covalently crosslinking the biomaterial ink into a printed structure. Embodiments of this invention can be directed towards personalized medicine and printed tissue engineering constructs, as well as drug discovery by printing complex tissue mimics or printing model vasculature for studying cardiovascular disease.