A light emitting apparatus, including: a substrate; a light emitting diode disposed on the substrate; and a lens covering the light emitting diode. The light emitting diode includes a light emitting diode chip; a first molding portion covering the light emitting diode chip; a second molding portion covering the first molding portion. The first molding portion includes one or more kinds of phosphors and the second molding portion contains no phosphors. The light emitting diode chip is covered by a first molding portion having a high index of refraction and a second molding portion having a low index of refraction and covering the first molding portion in order to reduce total reflection in the molding portions through reduction in difference in index of refraction between external air and the molding portion having a high index of refraction, thereby increasing the quantity of light.

A method of manufacturing a conversion element is disclosed. A precursor material is selected from one or more of lutetium, aluminum and a rare-earth element. The precursor material is mixed with a binder and a solvent to obtain a slurry. A green body is formed from the slurry and the green body is sintered to obtain the conversion element. The sintering is performed at a temperature of more than 1720° C.

The phosphor of the present invention comprises a crystal phase having a chemical composition represented by the following formula [2], the crystal phase having no garnet structure, and the phosphor having an emission peak in a wavelength range of 600 nm to 650 nm by being activated by at least Mn.sup.4+,
A.sup.2.sub.aiiB.sup.2.sub.biiC.sup.2.sub.ciiD.sup.2.sub.diiX.sup.2.sub.xii  formula [2].

The phosphor of the present invention comprises a crystal phase having a chemical composition represented by the following formula [2], the crystal phase having no garnet structure, and the phosphor having an emission peak in a wavelength range of 600 nm to 650 nm by being activated by at least Mn.sup.4+,
A.sup.2.sub.aiiB.sup.2.sub.biiC.sup.2.sub.ciiD.sup.2.sub.diiX.sup.2.sub.xii  formula [2].

The invention relates to a self-passivating quantum dot and a preparation method thereof. The quantum dot is doped with a self-passivating element M and the self-passivating element M ranges from 0.1 wt % to 40 wt % in content. The self-passivating element is selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Fe, Ti, Cr, Ta, Si, and Ni. The preparation method comprises the steps of: adding a quantum dot core and a solvent into a reaction vessel, controlling the temperature to be 100-120 DEG C. and vacuumizing the reaction vessel for 30-50 min; filling the reaction vessel with inert gas, and rising the temperature to 230-280 DEG C.; and injecting a coating material precursor solution into the reaction vessel for coating the quantum dot core according to the injection amount being 1 or 2 times by molar concentration of the quantum dot core element per hour to prepare the self-passivating quantum dot. The self-passivating element M is doped with the quantum dot core precursor solution in the form of an M precursor, or is doped with the coating material precursor solution. Compared with the prior art, the self-passivating quantum dot has better appearance and is significantly improved in photostability.

A hybrid photoluminescent display consumes little electrical power and provides for light emission/color in a desired color. The display includes a housing having openings forming a desired legend. White LEDs internal to the housing provide light for energizing photoluminescent material. A legend panel housed within the housing defines openings corresponding to the legend. Photoluminescent material is disposed within the openings of the legend panel. The photoluminescent material is selected to be energizable by light from the white light source, and to emit light primarily in a selected wavelength range corresponding to a desired legend color. A color is filter disposed adjacent the photoluminescent material on a side of the legend panel opposite the light source. The color filter is selected to selectively transmit substantially all light in the selected wavelength range, and to selectively not transmit substantially all light outside the selected wavelength range.

A wavelength converting material includes a luminous core and a first protective layer. The first protective layer covers the luminous core, and the first protective layer includes aluminum silicate. The aluminum silicate includes a plurality of silicon atoms, each of the silicon atoms is one of a zeroth configuration Q.sup.4(0Al), first configuration Q.sup.4(1Al), second configuration Q.sup.4(2Al), third configuration Q.sup.4(3Al), and fourth configuration Q.sup.4(4Al). The silicon atoms of the zeroth configuration do not connect with aluminum oxide group, and the silicon atoms of the first, second, third, and fourth configurations respectively connect with one, two, three, and four aluminum oxide group(s). A total number of the silicon atoms of the third configuration and the fourth configuration is larger than a total number of the silicon atoms of the zeroth configuration, the first configuration, and the second configuration.

A wavelength converting material includes a luminous core and a first protective layer. The first protective layer covers the luminous core, and the first protective layer includes aluminum silicate. The aluminum silicate includes a plurality of silicon atoms, each of the silicon atoms is one of a zeroth configuration Q.sup.4(0Al), first configuration Q.sup.4(1Al), second configuration Q.sup.4(2Al), third configuration Q.sup.4(3Al), and fourth configuration Q.sup.4(4Al). The silicon atoms of the zeroth configuration do not connect with aluminum oxide group, and the silicon atoms of the first, second, third, and fourth configurations respectively connect with one, two, three, and four aluminum oxide group(s). A total number of the silicon atoms of the third configuration and the fourth configuration is larger than a total number of the silicon atoms of the zeroth configuration, the first configuration, and the second configuration.

Phosphors include a CaAlSiN.sub.3 family crystal phase, wherein the CaAlSiN.sub.3 family crystal phase comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb.

An optical converter for producing colored or white light from blue excitation light is provided. The converter has good scattering properties to be able to produce nearly white light from the scattered blue light components and the scattered, converted yellow light components. The optical converter includes material including one or more of a YAG ceramic, a LuAG ceramic, and a magnesium-aluminum ceramic exhibiting strong scattering.