The present invention relates to a method of processing a workpiece comprising contacting a tool and a workpiece to effect a change in the shape of the workpiece, and applying a metalworking fluid to a surface area where the tool and the workpiece are in contact, where the metalworking fluid contains a propoxylate of the formula R—O—(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.n—H, where R is a branched C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 alkyl and n is from 3 to 30. The invention further relates to the metalworking fluid, and to a use of the propoxylate as additive in metalworking fluids.

Provided is a low sulfated ash engine oil lubricant composition containing organic friction modifiers with improved fuel economy and corrosion resistance. The lubricant composition includes one or more metal free corrosion inhibitors having an organic acid group and/or one or more organo metallic naphthalene molecules having a ASTM D2896 total base number less than 3 mg KOH/g. The resulting lubricant composition improves ASTM D6557 corrosion protection for low sulfated ash engine oils containing organic friction modifiers, while maintaining exceptional fuel economy performance.

A metalworking fluid includes a pH buffer system having one or more organic acids and one or more organic amines. The organic acids, which include aromatic carboxylic acids and C.sub.10 or higher aliphatic carboxylic acids, may replace boric acid, such that boric acid may be excluded from the metalworking fluid. The organic acids may include at least one of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. The one or more organic amines include aliphatic and aromatic amines having an amine value of at least 50 mg KOH/g. A method of using the metalworking fluid includes shaping a metal by contacting the metal surface with a tool while cooling and lubricating at least one of the metal surface or tool with the metalworking fluid.

The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition and a continuously-variable transmission filled with the lubricating oil composition. The present invention also relates to a friction control method for a continuously-variable transmission, the method using the lubricating oil composition. This lubricating oil composition is characterized by containing: (A) a base oil; (B) a diamine; (C) a glycolic acid amide; and (D) a phosphorous ester. With this lubricating oil composition, it is possible to provide different wear characteristics between different parts, so in a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the lubricating oil composition is suitably used as a lubricating oil for variable transmissions, in particular, metal-belt continuously-variable transmissions.

Brine-tolerant lubricants are provided. The brine-tolerant lubricants may comprise an oil component, a surfactant component, and, optionally, an additive component. In one aspect, the oil component comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester. In one aspect, the surfactant component comprises at least one of an alkoxylated fatty acid and an alkoxylated fatty alcohol. Also provided are methods for increasing the lubricity of a drilling fluid by contacting the drilling fluid with the brine-tolerant lubricants.

Compositions comprising an acrylamide polymer emulsion and a nonionic surfactant suitable for use as friction reducers for hydraulic fracturing are disclosed. The nonionic surfactants include aralkylated phenol ethoxylates, amine ethoxylates, amidoamine ethoxylates, linear or branched alcohol EO/PO alkoxylates, ethoxylated alcohols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and EO-capped poly(oxypropylene) block copolymers. Improved hydraulic fracturing processes in which an acrylamide polymer emulsion is used as a friction reducer are also described. In these processes, the surfactant is included in the composition with the acrylamide polymer friction reducer, or it is introduced separately into the process. The performance of low-cost polyacrylamide friction reducers can be boosted with a small proportion of certain readily available nonionic surfactants. The inventive compositions are effective in high-salinity environments, and their performance can sometimes exceed that of more-expensive salt-tolerant friction reducers, thereby reducing fresh water demand and enabling greater utilization of produced water.

Certain citric esters and amides, and certain mixtures thereof, e.g., mixtures comprising citrate oligomers, exhibit excellent anti-wear activity in lubricants. Many of these compounds or mixtures of compounds also exhibit a high degree of anti-wear synergy in combination with zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphates. The compounds of the invention are thus valuable tools that can allow one to reduce the amounts of zinc, and phosphates, that are used in the lubricant without sacrificing anti-wear performance.

A lubricating composition including: a base oil, a lubricant additive composition including, as a component (A), an organic molybdenum compound of the formula (1) described in the specification, and as a component (B), an amine compound of the formula (2) described in the specification, and a specific metal-based cleaner, wherein a content of the component (B) is 2.9 to 18.6 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of molybdenum atoms of the component (A), and a content of the metal-based cleaner is 0.1% to 10% by mass relative to a total amount of the lubricating composition, wherein the lubricating composition does not include tetraalkyl thiuram disulphide, and wherein the component (A) in terms of the amount of molybdenum atoms is 400 to 1200 ppm by mass relative to a total amount of the lubricating composition.

Brine-tolerant lubricants are provided. The brine-tolerant lubricants may comprise an oil component, a surfactant component, and, optionally, an additive component. In one aspect, the oil component comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester. In one aspect, the surfactant component comprises at least one of an alkoxylated fatty acid and an alkoxylated fatty alcohol. Also provided are methods for increasing the lubricity of a drilling fluid by contacting the drilling fluid with the brine-tolerant lubricants.

Provided herein is a composition for treating aluminum containing surfaces, wherein the composition includes a reaction product of at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and/or oligomer and/or polymer thereof and at least one fatty acid, wherein the molar ratio of the amino group/s of the at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and/or oligomer and/or polymer thereof and of the at least one fatty acid is 1.2:1 to 1:2, and wherein the at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and/or oligomer and/or polymer thereof is linked to the at least one fatty acid by at least one carboxylic acid/amine salt bond and/or at least one amide bond.