A process to prepare an ethylene-based polymer, said process comprising polymerizing a mixture comprising ethylene, at a pressure greater than, or equal to, 100 MPa, in the presence of at least one free-radical initiator; and in a reactor system comprising at least one reactor and at least one Hyper-compressor, and wherein at least one oil formulation, optionally comprising one or more lubrication agents, is added to the Hyper-compressor; and wherein at least one of the following steps takes place: A) thermally treating the one or more lubrication agents, in an oxygen-free atmosphere, to achieve a peroxide level ≤10 ppm, based on the weight of the lubrication agent(s), and then adding said agent(s) to the oil formulation, prior to adding the oil formulation to the Hyper-compressor; or B) thermally treating the oil formulation, in an oxygen-free atmosphere, to achieve a peroxide level ≤10 ppm, based on the weight of the oil formulation, prior to adding the oil formulation to the Hyper-compressor; C) a combination of A and B.

The present invention relates to a lubricant composition containing: a base oil (A); at least one kind of calcium-based detergent (B) selected from (B1) calcium sulfonate having a base number of 5.00 mgKOH/g or more and 100 mgKOH/g or less, (B2) calcium salicylate having a branched acyclic hydrocarbon group, and (B3) overbased calcium phenate having a branched acyclic hydrocarbon group; and at least one kind of ashless detergent (C) selected from (C1) a hindered amine compound having one piperidine-derived backbone in a molecule, and (C2) a specific diethanolamine compound. In the lubricant composition, the calcium atom content is 100 ppm by mass or more and 600 ppm by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the lubricant composition, and the ratio (N.sub.C/Ca.sub.B) of the nitrogen atom content (N.sub.C) of the ashless detergent (C) to the calcium atom content (Ca.sub.B) of the calcium-based detergent (B) is 1.3 to 3.1 as a mass ratio.

A lubricant composition includes a base oil present in an amount of greater than 70 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the lubricant composition and an antioxidant. The antioxidant has the structure: wherein each X is independently C-A or N, so long as at least one X is N but no more than two of X are N. Moreover, A is H, cyano or an electron donating group that: (1) has an atom having at least one lone pair of electrons that is bonded directly to the aromatic ring; or (2) is an aryl group or alkyl group. Further, each R is independently H, an alkyl group, or aryl group and each R′ is independently an alkyl group or an aryl group. ##STR00001##

A method for reducing the tendency of a hydrocarbon fluid to oxidise comprises combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the hydrocarbon fluid. The additive may also be used for protecting a system in which a hydrocarbon fluid is used from the effects of oxidation.

The invention is directed to a zinc-free lubricating composition for an internal combustion engine containing a phosphorus anti-wear agent, an ashless antioxidant, and a metal-free basic detergent. The lubricating composition provides wear protection, deposit control, and improved acid control with reduced levels of metal-containing additives.

The invention is directed to a zinc-free lubricating composition for an internal combustion engine containing a phosphorus anti-wear agent, an ashless antioxidant, and a metal-free basic detergent. The lubricating composition provides wear protection, deposit control, and improved acid control with reduced levels of metal-containing additives.

A compressor including a refrigerant and a lubricant, wherein the lubricant comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a mono-tertiary amine, a di-tertiary amine, a tri-tertiary amine, and a tetra-tertiary amine.

The present invention relates to a lubricating composition containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; and (b) a compound selected from the group consisting of: (i) an ester-containing heterocycle; (ii) an amide-containing heterocycle; and (iii) a pyrimidine, wherein the ester-containing heterocycle and the amide-containing heterocycle have a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 40 carbon atoms. The invention further provides for a method of supplying an internal combustion engine with the lubricating composition.

Disclosed are metal cleaning formulations and methods of use. A formulation of the present teachings comprises one or more furoate esters such as ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate and methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate. The formulations further comprise a base oil, which can be, for example, a naphthenic oil, a synthetic oil or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a formulation can further comprise a metal protection additive and a lubrication additive. A variety of base oils, metal protection additives, and lubrication additives are suitable for use in the present teachings. Formulations of the present teachings are especially useful for the cleaning of metal products such as firearms. The cleaning power of a formulation of the instant teachings can exceed that required for US Military Specifications.

To provide a friction-reducing agent containing no sulfur nor phosphorus and being excellent in friction-reducing properties, and a lubricating oil composition using it. An alkanolamine represented by the following formula is used as a friction-reducing agent: ##STR00001##
wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are each independently a hydroxy group or a hydrogen atom, provided that A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time, R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon group having at most 30 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 to R.sub.6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having at most 30 carbon atoms, and m and n are each independently an integer of from 0 to 10.