The disclosed technology relates to a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless basic amine additive selected from a secondary amine containing -carbon aromatic substitution. The basic secondary amine additives used in the lubricating oils of the disclosed technology impart basicity measured as total base number (TBN) without adding sulfated ash. Lubricating oils containing the basic secondary amine additives of the disclosed technology simultaneously achieve seals compatibility, deposit, and corrosion control.

This disclosure provides a triglyceride oil possessing an extremely low cloud point and low viscosity concomitant with a higher than anticipated saturated fatty acid content, very low polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and low iodine value. While many naturally occurring triglyceride oils possess one or more of these properties, natural triglyceride oils lack one or more of these attributes, thus making them less than ideal in industrial applications, such as lubricants, fuels, or dielectric fluids. The combination of attributes possessed by a triglyceride oil described herein, achieved without the addition of any additives, is unique compared with natural counterparts and as such, can find wide applications in the aforementioned fields.

Grease compositions are provided that can have one or more unexpectedly beneficial low temperature properties even though the grease compositions are formed from lower value components that traditional low temperature greases. The unexpectedly beneficial low temperature properties can be achieved in part by grease compositions that include a naphthenic base stock having a viscosity index of roughly 120 or less and/or a pour point of 20 C. or more while having a naphthenes content of 60 wt % or more. In some aspects, the naphthenic base stock can have an aromatics content of 20 wt % or less.

Disclosed are Group III base stocks comprising at least 30 wt % naphthenes, a viscosity index from 120 to 145; and a unique ratio of molecules with multi-ring naphthenes to single ring naphthenes (2R+N/1RN). A method for preparing the base stocks is also disclosed. Also disclosed is a lubricating oil having the base stock as a major component, and an additive as a minor component.

A lubricating composition comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 25 percent by weight based on the weight of the composition, of a poly(2-oxazoline) polymer. The polymer has the repeat unit:

N(COR.sup.1)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2

wherein the number of repeat units (n) in the polymer is an integer between 4 and 1000, such as between 4 and 500. The polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerisation terminating group (t), and an initiator group (i) connected to the N atom of a repeat unit, the initiator group (i) being effective to initiate the polymerisation of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl moieties. At least 5% of the total number of the groups R.sup.1 in the polymer comprise alkenyl groups having between 15 and 20 carbon atoms.

A lubricating composition comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 25 percent by weight based on the weight of the composition, of a poly(2-oxazoline) polymer. The polymer has the repeat unit:

N(COR.sup.1)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2

wherein the number of repeat units (n) in the polymer is an integer between 4 and 1000, such as between 4 and 500. The polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerisation terminating group (t), and an initiator group (i) connected to the N atom of a repeat unit, the initiator group (i) being effective to initiate the polymerisation of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl moieties. At least 5% of the total number of the groups R.sup.1 in the polymer comprise alkenyl groups having between 15 and 20 carbon atoms.

A lubricating composition comprises at least 50 percent by mass, based on the mass of the composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 25 percent by mass, based on the mass of the composition of an oil-soluble poly(2-oxazine) polymer. The polymer has the repeat unit:

##STR00001##

where the number (n) of repeat units is an integer between 4 and 500, such as between 4 and 400. The polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerisation terminating group (t), and an initiator group (i) connected to the N atom of a repeat unit, the initiator group (i) being effective to initiate the polymerisation of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl moieties. R.sup.1 comprises a single or a mixture of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl groups having 1-50 carbon atoms, some or all having 12-50 carbon atoms, or of at least one macro-monomeric hydrocarbyl group with more than 50 carbon atoms.

A lubricating composition comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 25 percent by mass, based on the mass of the composition of an oil-soluble copolymer, The copolymer comprises units (a) and units (b):

N(COR.sup.1)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2(a)

N(COR.sup.2)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2(b)

wherein the polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerisation terminating group (t), and an initiator group (i) connected to the N atom of a repeat unit (a) or (b), the initiator group (i) being effective to initiate the polymerisation of linear branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl moieties. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and comprise a single or a mixture of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl groups having 1-50 carbon atoms, some or all having 12-50 carbon atoms, or of at least one macro-monomeric hydrocarbyl group with more than 50 carbon atoms.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus includes refrigerant circuits in which a high pressure shell compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an indoor heat exchanger are connected; a mixed refrigerant containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and a refrigerant other than 1,1,2-trifluorothylene and circulating through the refrigerant circuits; and a refrigerating machine oil enclosed in the refrigerant circuits and adjusted such that 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene will be more soluble therein than the other refrigerant is.

A process for selective partial hydrogenation of conjugated diene compounds includes at least one, preferably terminal, diene function and at least one additional carbon-carbon double bond, the process including reacting the conjugated diene compounds with hydrogen in the presence of an iridium-NHC based catalyst. The disclosure also relates to a reaction mixture that can be obtained at the end of the process. The disclosure also relates to the use of the reaction mixture.