Provided herein are methods of quantifying protein folding and stability. Some embodiments provide methods of detecting a misfolded target protein that include determining a growth rate or relative fitness of a first cell population that comprises a first fusion polypeptide comprising a first variant of a target protein disposed between segments of a toxic indicator protein, which segments together induce the first cell population to grow at a lower rate when the target protein is relatively less misfolded than when the target protein is relatively more misfolded, and determining that the growth rate or fitness of the first cell population varies from a growth rate or fitness of a second cell population that comprises a second fusion polypeptide comprising a second variant of the target protein disposed between the segments of the toxic Indicator protein. Related nucleic acids, kits, and systems are also provided.

Described herein are compounds and methods for tethering proteins. For example, dimers of Protein X listed in Table 1 are described, where the dimers are formed by the covalent bonding of a cysteine on the first monomer to a cysteine on the second monomer via a cyclic disulfide linker. The covalently attached dimers exhibit increased stabilization and can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases (such as, for example, Parkinson's Disease, ALS, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Epilepsy, Frontotemporal Dementia, and/or DMD), cancer, autoimmune disease, and/or Celiac disease.

The present invention relates to a mitochondria targeting peptide, a fusion protein in which the peptide is bound to the carboxyl terminus of a protein transduction domain, a fusion protein in which the peptide is bound to the carboxyl terminus of a protein transduction domain and an antioxidant is bound to the carboxyl terminus of the peptide, an antioxidant composition and a composition for preventing or treating Parkinson's disease including the fusion protein in which the antioxidant is bound, a recombinant polynucleotide in which a polynucleotide coding a protein transduction domain, a polynucleotide coding the peptide, and a polynucleotide coding an antioxidant protein are sequentially bound, to an expression vector including the polynucleotide, and to a transformed host cell including the expression vector. The mitochondria targeting peptide according to the present invention targets mitochondria with high efficiency not only when the peptide exists alone but also when the peptide is bound to a protein transduction domain and/or to an antioxidant. Further, the peptide has a small size and is thus a very suitable targeting carrier. The peptide becomes processed when introduced into mitochondria, and thus stably delivers the drug carried by the peptide.

The present invention relates to RNA-based methods for inhibiting the expression of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) gene. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses of the invention deliver DNAs encoding RNAs that knock down the expression of SOD-1. The methods have application in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

A multi-enzyme cascade antioxidant nano HOF and preparation method and application thereof are provided. The present invention discloses a nano HOF based on selenium-containing ligand for the first time, the nano HOF does not contain metal and has good biocompatibility, which is a universal loading platform, and has high porosity, acid and alkali resistance and thermal stability, and is size-tunable, it can coat various types of enzymes at the same time, stabilize the conformation of the enzyme through the confinement effect, the high porosity can not only provide enough space for the enzyme, but also facilitate the transport of substances and the play of catalytic properties of the enzyme, 85-90% of the activity of the coated enzyme can be maintained, ROS can be effectively scavenged through the cascade catalysis between various enzymes, which provides a new idea for the construction of bio-friendly antioxidants.

Provided are modified virus-like particles (VLPs) of paramyxoviruses, compositions containing them, methods of using the VLPs for delivery of any particular protein of interest to any of a variety of cells, kits that contain expression vectors for making, using and detecting VLPs, and methods for screening for anti-viral compounds using the VLPs. The modified VLPs contain a contiguous recombinant polypeptide that contains i) all or a segment of a C-terminal domain of a paramyxovirus nucleocapsid protein and ii) a polypeptide sequence of a distinct protein. Non-covalent complexes of paramyxovirus M protein and fusion proteins that contain a C-terminal domain of a paramyxovirus nucleocapsid protein and a polypeptide sequence of a distinct protein are provided, as are non-covalent complexes of cells, and cell receptors, with modified VLPs.

An agent for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome includes, as an active ingredient, a lecithinized superoxide dismutase represented by the general formula (I):
SOD(Q-B).sub.m(I)
(wherein, SOD represents a residue of a superoxide dismutase; Q represents a chemical crosslinking; B represents a residue of lysolecithin, in which a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is removed from the lysolecithin having the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of glycerol; and m is the average number of bonds of the lysolecithin relative to one molecule of the superoxide dismutase and represents an integer of 1 or more).

The present document describes artificial blood substitutes and method of using same. Particularly, the artificial blood substitutes comprising neoenzymes (synthetic enzymes) instead of natural enzymes.

Polypeptides with superoxide dismutase activity of bacterial origin are useful in animal feed additives for improvement of animal growth and performance and in improving animal health, particularly animals exposed to environmental or heat stress.

Disclosed is a method for preparing Au-Ru nanoenzymes, with steps as: 1) dissolving HAuCl.sub.4 and ruthenium metal salt in solvent to obtain metal salt solution; 2) adding NAC and TA to the metal salt solution, mixing them uniformly to obtain mixture; 3) adding NaBH.sub.4 aqueous solution to the mixture, stirring to react at room temperature, then continuing to stir to react at 50 C.70 C.; after the reaction is finished, performing centrifuging, and the precipitate is lyophilized to obtain AuRu nanoenzymes. The present invention further discloses a method for preparing ATBMzyme nanoenzymes, specifically: adding EDC and NHS to AuRu nanoenzymes solution, stirring to react, then adding brain natriuretic peptide to the reaction system, continuing to stir to react; after the reaction is finished, performing centrifuging, and the precipitate is lyophilized to obtain ATBMzyme nanoenzymes.