This disclosure describes recombinant cells and methods for microbial biosynthesis of ent-atiserenoic acid. Thus, in one aspect, this disclosure describes a recombinant cell genetically modified to exhibit increased biosynthesis of ent-atiserenoic acid compared to a comparable control cell. In some cases, the recombinant cell can include a host cell modified to include at least one heterologous polynucleotide encoding at least one enzyme in a biosynthetic pathway that produces ent-atiserenoic acid. In some cases, the recombinant cell can include a host cell and at least one heterologous enzyme in a biosynthetic pathway that produces ent-atiserenoic acid.

The present invention relates to engineered outer domain (eOD) immunogens of HIV gp120 and mutants thereof and methods of making and using the same. The present invention also includes fusions of eOD to various protein multimers to enhance immunogenicity. The mutant eODs bind to neutralizing antibody precursors. The mutant eODs can activate germline precursors on the pathway to eliciting a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) response. The invention also relates to immunized knock-in mice expressing germline-reverted heavy chains. Induced antibodies showed characteristics of bnAbs and mutations that favored binding to near-native HIV-1 gp120 constructs. In contrast, native-like immunogens failed to activate precursors. The invention also relates to rational epitope design that can prime rare B cell precursors for affinity maturation to desired targets.

The present invention provides genetically modified eukaryotic host cells that produce isoprenoid precursors or isoprenoid compounds. A subject genetically modified host cell comprises increased activity levels of one or more of mevalonate pathway enzymes, increased levels of prenyltransferase activity, and decreased levels of squalene synthase activity. Methods are provided for the production of an isoprenoid compound or an isoprenoid precursor in a subject genetically modified eukaryotic host cell. The methods generally involve culturing a subject genetically modified host cell under conditions that promote production of high levels of an isoprenoid or isoprenoid precursor compound.

Nucleic acid molecules from cannabis has been isolated and characterized and encode polypeptides having aromatic prenyltransferase activity. Expression or over-expression of the nucleic acids alters levels of cannabinoid compounds. The polypeptides may be used in vivo or in vitro to produce cannabinoid compounds.

The present invention relates to a microorganism, wherein the activity of a polypeptide capable of exporting O-phosphoserine (OPS) is enhanced, and a method of producing O-phosphoserine, cysteine, or a cysteine derivative using the microorganism.

Cysteine synthase enzymes (e.g. O-Acetyl-L-Serine Sulfhydrylase enzymes) may be used in combination with sulfide quinone reductase enzymes in additive compositions, fluid compositions, and methods for decreasing or removing hydrogen sulfide from recovered downhole fluids and/or the subterranean reservoir wellbore from which the downhole fluid was recovered. The fluid composition may include at least one cysteine synthase enzyme with at least one sulfide quinone reductase, and a base fluid, such as a water-based fluid, an organic-based fluid, and combinations thereof.

The present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism which is modified to be capable of producing diosmin and hesperidin and to the use thereof for producing diosmin and/or hesperidin.

The present disclosure relates to, inter alia, methods and compositions for weed control, for example, a method of selectively controlling weeds at a locus comprising crop plants and weeds by applying to the locus a weed controlling amount of a pesticide composition comprising a SDPS-inhibiting herbicide, wherein the crop plants are modified such that they comprise a SDPS which provides the crop plant with tolerance against the SPDS-inhibiting herbicide. Compositions also include, inter alia, recombinant polynucleotides suitable for use in the methods.

Described are methods for the production of isobutene comprising the enzymatic conversion of 3-methylcrotonic acid into isobutene wherein said 3-methylcrotonic acid is obtained by the enzymatic conversion of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA into 3-methylcrotonic acid or wherein said 3-methylcrotonic acid is obtained by the enzymatic conversion of 3-hydroxyisovalerate (HIV) into 3-methylcrotonic acid. It is described that the enzymatic conversion of 3-methylcrotonic acid into isobutene can, e.g., be achieved by making use of a 3-methylcrotonic acid decarboxylase, preferably an FMN-dependent decarboxylase associated with an FMN prenyl transferase, an aconitate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.6), a methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.4), or a geranoyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.5).

This document provides materials and methods for generating oilseed (e.g., pennycress) plants that having low levels of erucic acid. For example, oilseed plants having reduced expression levels of one or more polypeptides involved in erucic acid metabolism (e.g., fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1)), as well as materials and methods for making and using oilseed plants having low levels of erucic acid are provided.