A method of assessing an anti-cancer drug including culturing a cell structure including cancer cells and stromal cells in a presence of at least one anti-cancer drug, and assessing an anti-cancer effect of the at least one anti-cancer drug based on a number of viable cancer cells in the cell structure after the culturing.

Disclosed are renal tissues and arrays thereof that include a layer of renal interstitial tissue, the renal interstitial tissue comprising renal fibroblasts and endothelial cells; and a layer of renal epithelial tissue, the renal epithelial tissue comprising renal tubular epithelial cells, the renal epithelial tissue in contact with the layer of renal interstitial tissue to form a three-dimensional, engineered, biological renal tissue. Also disclosed are methods of fabricating and using the same.

Provided herein are methods and systems for bio-printing of three-dimensional organs and organoids. Also provided herein are bio-printed three-dimensional organs and organoids for use in the generation and/or the assessment of immunological products and/or immune responses. Also provided herein are methods and system for bio-printing three-dimensional matrices.

The present disclosure relates to methods for modulating the level of proteins in a subject or in target cells by priming red blood cells with various agents or conditions that modulate the levels of proteins associated with red blood cells and administering the primed red blood cells to a subject. The disclosed methods represent a novel use of red blood cells primed to express a number of proteins, as cell therapies for numerous diseases or disorders.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a bio-ink by additive deposition, which comprises supplying: a first solution including between 5 and 40 wt. % gelatin; a second solution including between 15 and 35 .wt. % alginate; a third solution including between 1 and 15 wt. % fibrinogen, and optionally living cells in suspension; and creating a mixture including: around 35 to 65 vol. % of the first solution; around 15 to 35 vol. % of the second solution; and around 15 to 35 vol. % of the third solution, said proportions being selected so that they add up to 100%. Said bio-ink allows the additive deposition of objects that can be polymerised by means of a solution including calcium ions and thrombin. Said objects can be incubated and can be used as a substitute for body tissue, for example (with added fibroblasts) as skin substitute.

According to an embodiment, a method of producing artificial skin includes mixing fibroblasts and collagen to form a dermis simulating layer, applying keratinocytes on the dermis simulating layer and culturing the same, culturing the dermis simulating layer in a first medium that is a keratinocyte medium, and culturing the dermis simulating layer that is cultured in the first medium in a second medium including a DMEM medium and a F12 medium.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cardiac cell culture material which specifically acts on cardiac cells. In addition, another purpose of the present invention is to provide artificial organ material obtained by culturing by using said cardiac cell culture material, and a method for producing the same. Thus, provided is a cardiac cell culture, wherein functional cardiac tissue is favorably built by using a cardiac cell culture material containing VCAM-1.

An object of the present invention is to provide a production method of a myocardial cell layer, and a myocardial cell layer, in which myocardial cells can be matured without using a complicated control device and can be maintained for a long period of time, and to provide a kit for evaluating a pharmaceutical candidate substance, a transplantation material, and an evaluation method of a pharmaceutical candidate substance. According to the present invention, there is provided a production method of a myocardial cell layer including the following steps (1) to (3). (1) seeding a myocardial cell induced from a pluripotent stem cell in a single layer on a seeding surface having a shape shown in the following (1-1) to form a myocardial cell layer, (1-1) in a case where spread of the seeding surface in a horizontal direction is a plane figure, a shape thereof is a shape obtained by hollowing out at least a part of a first plane figure of an optional shape having uniform spread in a second plane figure of another optional shape having uniform spread without contacting an outer periphery of the first plane figure of the optional shape, where an average value of a length of the outer periphery of the first plane figure and a length of an outer periphery of the second plane figure satisfies the following formula;

##STR00001## in the formula, x represents the average value of the length of the outer periphery of the first plane figure and the length of the outer periphery of the second plane figure, where a unit thereof is cm, and v represents a conduction velocity of the myocardial cell induced from the pluripotent stem cell, where a unit thereof is cm.Math.s.sup.?1, (2) circulating and proceeding an electrical signal or a calcium signal in the myocardial cell layer, and (3) culturing the cells for 8 days or more while maintaining a state of the (2).

The disclosure relates to populations of educated macrophages and monocytes generated ex vivo or in vivo, and methods of making and using the same using lipid A aminoalkyl glucosaminide phosphate molecules, such as CRX molecules or extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) stimulated with CRX molecules. Also described are EVs and methods for making and using the same from MSCs exposed to CRX.

Inducible engineered tissue constructs comprising at least one cell population comprising a genetic construct are provided. Methods of making and using said constructs are also provided.