The present invention relates to a mutated non-toxic protease in which the amino acid cysteine (Cys) at position 430 of a non-toxic protease represented by the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than cysteine. According to the present invention, it is possible to recover a refolded non-toxic protease from an insoluble fraction from which the non-toxic protease was almost impossible to recover in the prior art, and thus it is possible to produce the non-toxic protease with significantly improved productivity.

A method for transforming organic waste into carbon using sequential physical and biological degradation, including fermentation, drying under vacuum and elevated temperature followed by heating to a temperature of between 300° C. and 500° C. to promote carbonization and production of charcoal.

The invention provides microorganisms and methods for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from gaseous substrates. In particular, the invention provides a non-naturally occurring Wood-Ljungdahl microorganism comprising (a) an enzyme that converts acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA, (b) an enzyme that converts acetoacetyl-CoA to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, and (c) an enzyme that converts 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to polyhydroxybutyrate, and methods related thereto.

Microorganisms are genetically engineered to produce 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP). The microorganisms are carboxydotrophic acetogens. The microorganisms produce acetyl-coA using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for fixing CO/CO.sub.2. A β-alanine pyruvate aminotransferase from a microorganism that contains such an enzyme is introduced. Additionally, an acetyl-coA carboxylase may also be introduced. The production of 3-HP can be improved. This can be effected by improved promoters or higher copy number or enzymes that are catalytically more efficient.

The invention relates to compositions comprising a nucleic acid that encodes a peptide or a peptide that induces an immune response in an animal or a mammal that is protective against infection by one or more pathogens. In addition, the invention relates to vaccines comprising compositions and to method for treating and preventing an infection in animals and mammals such as humans.

The present invention relates to a primer set for detecting food poisoning bacteria by using a next-generation sequencing method and a method for detecting food poisoning bacteria by using the primer set. Specifically, with the primer set in accordance with the present invention, 16 kinds of food poisoning bacteria can be detected at one time, for a shorter time, and with high accuracy, and the primer set can be useful for simultaneous detection of food poisoning bacteria.

Rapid, animal protein free, chromatographic processes and systems for obtaining high potency, high yield botulinum neurotoxin for research, therapeutic and cosmetic use.

The present disclosure provides ethanol comprising an inorganic component and/or an organic component. The inorganic component may contain at least one component selected from the group consisting of: silicon having a content of 10 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less; chromium having a content of 0.6 mg/L or less; iron having a content of 2.0 mg/L or less; sodium having a content of 150 mg/L or more and 1000 mg/L or less; and potassium having a content of 1.0 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less. The organic component may contain at least one component selected from the group consisting of: aliphatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.16 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; aromatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.4 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; and dialkyl ether having a content of 0.1 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less.

Provided are excellent L-arabinose metabolic genes that function in yeasts. Provided is an L-arabinose metabolic gene cluster including an L-arabinose isomerase gene specified by a predetermined SEQ ID, an L-ribulokinase gene specified by a predetermined SEQ ID, and an L-ribulose-5-phosphate-4-epimerase gene specified by a predetermined SEQ ID.

Disclosed is a composition for increasing the occupancy of bacteria of the genus Faecalibacterium in the intestinal flora, the composition comprising a Daikenchuto extract.