The present invention relates to silica aerogels with a high to very high loading (55-90% w/w) of encapsulated biocidal and/or biorepellant compounds and very low thermal conductivity and to methods of making and using such aerogels in anti-fouling compositions, which are especially suitable for coatings (marine paints, coatings, sealants, lacquers, wood protection or similar controlled leaching systems) that are naturally exposed to humid conditions and/or water, including sea water, and thus prone to fouling.

The present invention relates to silica aerogels with a high to very high loading (55-90% w/w) of encapsulated biocidal and/or biorepellant compounds and very low thermal conductivity and to methods of making and using such aerogels in anti-fouling compositions, which are especially suitable for coatings (marine paints, coatings, sealants, lacquers, wood protection or similar controlled leaching systems) that are naturally exposed to humid conditions and/or water, including sea water, and thus prone to fouling.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural chemicals, and particularly relates to an N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)arylcarboxamide compound or a salt thereof, a preparation method, a herbicidal composition and a use thereof. The compound is as shown in the following Formula I:

##STR00001## wherein X represents O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 or NR.sub.1; Y represents halogen, cyano, cyanoalkyl, carboxyl, nitro, etc.; or —X—Y represents unsubstituted or substituted five- or six-membered heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; Z represents hydrogen, halogen, cyano, OR.sub.4, -alkyl-OR.sub.4, —O-alkyl-N(R.sub.5).sub.2, etc., M represents hydrogen, OR.sub.6, SR.sub.6, COR.sub.6, COOR.sub.6, CON(R.sub.7).sub.2, etc. The compound has advantages of a low dosage for use, excellent herbicidal activity, and higher crop safety, especially good selectivity for key crops such as rice.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural chemicals, and particularly relates to an N-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)arylcarboxamide compound or a salt thereof, a preparation method, a herbicidal composition and a use thereof. The compound is as shown in the following Formula I:

##STR00001## wherein X represents O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 or NR.sub.1; Y represents halogen, cyano, cyanoalkyl, carboxyl, nitro, etc.; or —X—Y represents unsubstituted or substituted five- or six-membered heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; Z represents hydrogen, halogen, cyano, OR.sub.4, -alkyl-OR.sub.4, —O-alkyl-N(R.sub.5).sub.2, etc., M represents hydrogen, OR.sub.6, SR.sub.6, COR.sub.6, COOR.sub.6, CON(R.sub.7).sub.2, etc. The compound has advantages of a low dosage for use, excellent herbicidal activity, and higher crop safety, especially good selectivity for key crops such as rice.

This disclosure relates to picolinamides of Formula I and their use as fungicides.

##STR00001##

This disclosure relates to picolinamides of Formula I and their use as fungicides.

##STR00001##

This disclosure relates to picolinamides of Formula I and their use as fungicides.

##STR00001##

Compositions and methods for increasing the efficacy of pesticidal compositions are described herein, including synergistic pesticidal compositions comprising: benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, cyproconazole, fenpicoxamid, fenpyrazimine, florylpicoxamid, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, isotianil, kresoxim-methyl, metrafenone, oxathiapiprolin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, picoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pydiflumetofen, revysol, sedaxane, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cyprodinil, metalaxyl, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, mancozeb, tebuconazole, valifenalate, in combination with a C4-C10 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acid and methods for delivery of pesticidal active ingredients. Some pesticidal compositions and methods as described are directed to compositions and methods for increasing the efficacy of fungicides. Some pesticidal compositions and methods as described are directed to compositions and methods for increasing the efficacy of nematicides. Some pesticidal compositions and methods as described are directed to compositions and methods for increasing the efficacy of insecticides. Methods for enhancing the activity pesticidal active ingredients in pesticidal compositions in use are also described.

Compositions and methods for increasing the efficacy of pesticidal compositions are described herein, including synergistic pesticidal compositions comprising: benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, cyproconazole, fenpicoxamid, fenpyrazimine, florylpicoxamid, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, isotianil, kresoxim-methyl, metrafenone, oxathiapiprolin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, picoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pydiflumetofen, revysol, sedaxane, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cyprodinil, metalaxyl, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, mancozeb, tebuconazole, valifenalate, in combination with a C4-C10 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acid and methods for delivery of pesticidal active ingredients. Some pesticidal compositions and methods as described are directed to compositions and methods for increasing the efficacy of fungicides. Some pesticidal compositions and methods as described are directed to compositions and methods for increasing the efficacy of nematicides. Some pesticidal compositions and methods as described are directed to compositions and methods for increasing the efficacy of insecticides. Methods for enhancing the activity pesticidal active ingredients in pesticidal compositions in use are also described.

A technique for inducing tolerance to environmental stress in a plant is provided. Tolerance to environmental stress in a plant is induced by applying to the plant an abscisic acid-like substance, such as abscisic acid and agonists thereof, in combination with a nitrogen-containing compound, such as amino acids and amino acid derivatives.