The present disclosure discloses Saccharopolyspora and application thereof in reducing biogenic amines, belonging to the technical field of food fermentation. Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis J3 is screened from wheat koji and has been preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on Apr. 30, 2020, with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 2020104. According to the present disclosure, the strain is applied to a food fermentation system, and results show that the strain does not affect normal fermentation of food, and has an effect of reducing the content of biogenic amines in fermented alcoholic drinks, fermented food and fermented condiments, so that the strain has broad application prospects in the field of food brewing.

Methods for obtaining natural colorants from plant material (e.g., tobacco material) and for using such natural colorants to dye various substrates are provided. Natural colorants are obtained using particular enzymes and particular conditions (e.g., time, temperature, and pH profiles). Such colorants can be used to dye substrates, for example, using conventional dyeing techniques or using unique in situ methods.

A method of extracting volatiles from tobacco material and a method of making a pre-vapor formulation including the volatiles includes heating tobacco material to release volatiles, collecting the extracted volatiles, and combining the volatiles with a pre-vapor formulation.

Methods of forming pyrazines from reactants derived from a plant of the Nicotiana species, including receiving an aqueous reactant solution including at least one tobacco-derived cellulosic sugar and at least one tobacco-derived amino acid, heating the reactant solution to a reactant temperature and holding the reactant solution at the reactant temperature for a reactant time to produce a reactant product including at least one tobacco-derived pyrazine, and isolating the at least one tobacco-derived pyrazine from the reactant product. Tobacco products incorporating the tobacco-derived pyrazines are also provided.

Methods and compositions are provided for expressing an endolysin in a bacterium or in a tobacco plant or plant part. Expression of the endolysin can reduce the total bacterial load on the plant and in tobacco products produced from the plant. Accordingly, the level of tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in a cured tobacco product can be decreased when the tobacco leaves used in the product were harvested from a plant expressing endolysin or when bacteria modified to express endolysin is used to treat the tobacco. Thus, bacteria and tobacco plants and plant parts are provided that express an endolysin. Further provided are methods for decreasing the microbial load on a tobacco plant and in a tobacco product by applying a solution of bacteria modified to express an endolysin or by modifying a tobacco plant to express endolysins. Smokeless tobacco products including such modified tobacco plant parts are also provided.

Methods for obtaining natural colorants from plant material (e.g., tobacco material) and for using such natural colorants to dye various substrates are provided. Natural colorants are obtained using particular enzymes and particular conditions (e.g., time, temperature, and pH profiles). Such colorants can be used to dye substrates, for example, using conventional dyeing techniques or using unique in situ methods.

Bacteriophage against Geobacillus are provided, and methods of making and using the bacteriophage also are provided.

Methods of fermenting a tobacco material and methods of modifying the total bacterial content of a tobacco material are provided herein. One example method includes treating a tobacco material with superheated steam in a pressurized vessel to provide a steam-treated tobacco material having a reduced total bacteria content and fermenting the steam-treated tobacco material in the presence of one or more microorganisms to provide a fermented tobacco material. In some embodiments, the methods provided herein can provide a fermented tobacco material having a tobacco-specific nitrosamine content that is reduced relative to a fermented tobacco material that has not been subjected to the disclosed method steps and/or a modified flavor or aroma profile relative to a fermented tobacco material that has not been subjected to the disclosed method steps.

Methods for obtaining natural colorants from plant material (e.g., tobacco material) and for using such natural colorants to dye various substrates are provided. Natural colorants are obtained using particular enzymes and particular conditions (e.g., time, temperature, and pH profiles). Such colorants can be used to dye substrates, for example, using conventional dyeing techniques or using unique in situ methods.

Methods for obtaining natural colorants from plant material (e.g., tobacco material) and for using such natural colorants to dye various substrates are provided. Natural colorants are obtained using particular enzymes and particular conditions (e.g., time, temperature, and pH profiles). Such colorants can be used to dye substrates, for example, using conventional dyeing techniques or using unique in situ methods.