Orthopedic implants, systems, instruments, and methods. A bi-portal lumbar interbody fusion system may include an expandable interbody implant and minimally invasive pedicle-based intradiscal fixation implants. The interbody and intradiscal implants may be installed with intelligent instrumentation capable of repeatably providing precision placement of the implants. The bi-portal system may be robotically-enabled to guide the instruments and implants along desired access trajectories to the surgical area.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for preparing a spinal rod that enable the digital mapping of rod contours to produce spinal rods that conform to an ideal rod trajectory, which reduces spinal rod to screw head misalignment. Reducing spinal rod to screw head misalignment helps reduce a failure rate of spinal rods in patients. In invasive spinal fusion surgeries, a digital three-dimensional representation may be generated of a flexible rod formed to align with screws installed in the patient. In minimally invasive surgeries, a digital three-dimensional representation may be generated using pointers. A surgeon may adjust the digital three-dimensional representation via a graphical user interface. Bending instructions may be generated from the digital three-dimensional representation that direct how a spinal rod should be bent using a bending tool. The final spinal rod accounts for the anatomical environment around the screws installed in the patient.

Implant bending instruments disclosed herein can have a plurality of bending elements that can be symmetrically driven to bend or contour an implant, such as a spinal rod. A single actuator handle can be moved to drive a compound gear train and move the bending elements to intersect an implant-receiving channel and bend an implant received therein. Instruments of the present disclosure can have an increased mechanical advantage than conventional bending instruments thereby allowing for an increased amount of force to bend an implant. A locking pawl can selectively prevent counter rotation of the gear train such that the handle can be actuated a plurality of times to achieve a desired contour angle.

A technique is presented for computer-assisted planning of fastener placement in vertebrae that are to be stabilized by a pre-formed spinal rod, wherein two or more fasteners are to couple the rod to the vertebrae. At least one of a target shape of the spine and a shape of the pre-formed rod is defined in patient-specific shape data, a bone density of at least one of the vertebrae is defined in patient-specific bone density data, and patient-specific anatomical data are provided. A force distribution along a length of the rod may be calculated based on the shape data and the anatomical data. A planning result for fastener placement may be generated based on the bone density data of a given vertebra and the calculated force distribution.

An implantable growing rod assembly adapted to be secured along a length of a spine for treating deformities of the spine. The assembly includes a housing, a fixed rod extending along a longitudinal axis away from the housing, and an expansion rod extendible from the housing along the longitudinal axis. A driver assembly is fixed to the housing and adapted to translate the expansion rod along the longitudinal axis. Examples of the implantable growing rod assembly include a smart growing system, and an autonomous growing rod system.

A spinal stabilization apparatus and method thereof for preventing and detecting the unintended movement of the spine of a patient during spinal surgery performed at least in part by a robot is disclosed herein. The spinal stabilization apparatus may comprise a proximal attachment member, a distal attachment member, a first adjustable attachment arm, and a second adjustable attachment arm, defining a frame, configured to stabilize the spine of the patient. For detecting and preventing unintended movement of the spine, the spinal stabilization apparatus may further include optical reference spheres and at least one strain gauge. The optical reference spheres are coupled to the frame and the spatial relationship therebetween may be monitored by the robot. The at least one strain gauge may be incorporated into the connection between frame and the robot and allows for monitoring of the amount of force being applied to the patient.

A rod group includes a plurality of first rods that has an arcuate first curve, the first rods having mutually different lengths; and a plurality of second rods that has an S-shaped second curve, the second rods having mutually different lengths. The first rods and the second rods have shapes for treatment of scoliosis by (i) guiding the postoperative apex of the thoracic kyphosis to be located at the thoracic vertebrae T6 to T8, and (ii) guiding a postoperative apex of the thoracic kyphosis to be located at a position different from a preoperative apex of the thoracic kyphosis and the second rod each have a shape extending along an anatomically normal spinal column arrangement.

A rod group includes a plurality of first rods that has an arcuate first curve, the first rods having mutually different lengths; and a plurality of second rods that has an S-shaped second curve, the second rods having mutually different lengths. The first rods and the second rods have shapes for treatment of scoliosis by (i) guiding the postoperative apex of the thoracic kyphosis to be located at the thoracic vertebrae T6 to T8, and (ii) guiding a postoperative apex of the thoracic kyphosis to be located at a position different from a preoperative apex of the thoracic kyphosis and the second rod each have a shape extending along an anatomically normal spinal column arrangement.

A surgical measurement instrument for use in surgery is configured so that a measurement operation can be more readily performed using this surgical measurement instrument. The surgical measurement instrument has a laser application portion. The laser application portion is used in surgery to perform treatment on a tibia of a patient. The laser application portion can apply a laser beam to measure a positional relationship between the tibia and a knee joint center.

The present invention relates to a structure having a variable diameter, the structure including: a bolt which extends in a longitudinal direction; a body which is disposed at one side of the bolt so as to surround the bolt; a core which is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the bolt; a plurality of extensions which is radially disposed outside the core; and a plurality of outer shells which surrounds the extensions so as to correspond to the extensions, in which the extensions are expanded outward or contracted in a direction toward a center thereof by the core in accordance with a rotation direction of the bolt, such that a diameter of an outer circumferential surface of the extensions is changed.