This disclosure relates to a method for determining a fluid balance between a first volume flow in a first section of a fluid circuit and a second volume flow of a second section of the fluid circuit. The method may also include adjusting, assuming or detecting a first temperature in the first section of the fluid circuit and a second temperature in the second section of the fluid circuit, or detecting a temperature difference between the first and the second sections. The method may also include detecting a second volume flow in a second section of the fluid circuit and forming a balance from at least the first volume flow and a corrected value of the second volume flow. The corrected value is determined from the detected second volume flow and the second temperature and/or the temperature difference.

An indirect drain flush system incorporating hot water to facilitate the transport of kidney dialysis effluent to wastewater treatment facilities is provided. Heated water is discharged into a waste line through an air gap, and the heated water increases the molecular interchange of fatty substances in the dialysis effluent, decreasing the viscosity of those fatty substances and preventing them from coagulating or crystalizing on pipes and drains. An air admittance valve may prevent negative pressure from building up within the system.

A peritoneal dialysis system includes a housing; a dialysis fluid pump housed by the housing; a patient line extendable from the housing; and a hose reel located within the housing, the hose reel configured to coil the patient line when disconnected from a patient. The patient line may be a dual lumen patient line, wherein the dual lumen patient line is coiled about the hose reel during a disinfection sequence for disinfecting the dual lumen patient line and the dialysis fluid pump.

The invention relates to a water treatment system (1) for dialysis treatments, wherein the water treatment system (1) comprises a permeate circuit with a reverse osmosis system (RO) and at least one tap (ES.sub.1, 2 . . . N) for permeate, whereby the reverse osmosis system (RO) is fed by the reflux of the at least one tap (ES.sub.1, 2 . . . N) for dialysis treatments and/or a raw water inflow (RZ), whereby the water treatment system further comprises a heat exchanger (WT), whereby a primary circuit (PK) of the heat exchanger (WT) is connected with a buffer tank (PT) for storing thermal energy, whereby a second circuit (SK) of the heat exchanger (WT) is integrated into the permeate circuit, whereby heat is transferred in a controlled manner from the buffer tank (PT) via the heat exchanger (WT) to permeate in the permeate circuit.

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for regulating and/or monitoring a heating device for heating a fluid, which has flowed in an in-flow section of a dialysis fluid circuit. The dialysis fluid circuit is part of a blood treatment apparatus, which comprises a container for receiving the fluid and a heating container for heating the fluid. The method encompasses the step of starting a heating process for heating the fluid in the heating container. The fluid is in fluid communication with the container when the filling level of the container reaches a pre-determined filling level value by means of direct or indirect flow from the inlet.

A centrally controlled multi-patient dialysis treatment system (1) as disclosed herein comprises: a dialysate preparation unit (2) configured to prepare a dialysate based on a prescription and control dialysate delivery for dialysis treatments in progress; one or more dialysate modules (3) configured to deliver the dialysate to a dialyzer (4) and control an ultrafiltration process; and one or more patient modules (5) configured to control an extracorporeal blood flow through the dialyzer (4) for the dialysis treatment, wherein the dialysate preparation unit (2), the dialysate modules (3) and the patient modules (5) are configured to be adapted to be assembled into an integrated dialysis treatment system suitable for one or more patients (6). Also an use of the centrally controlled multi-patient dialysis treatment system (1) for one or more patients' dialysis treatments is disclosed herein. For the centrally controlled multi-patient dialysis treatment system, in contrast to the conventional in-center dialysis infrastructures, in addition to cost saving, it is highly space efficient. Moreover, the centrally controlled multi-patient dialysis treatment system is robust and easy to setup.

A sorbent cartridge device includes an ion-exchange material containing zirconium phosphate and no more than about 0.1 mg of leachable phosphate ions per about 1 g of the ion-exchange material. In one example, the cartridge also includes a phosphate-adsorbing material containing zirconium oxide. In this example, the weight ratio between zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide in the cartridge is from about 10:1 to about 40:1. The zirconium phosphate may be alkaline zirconium phosphate prepared by a process including the following steps: (i) drying acid zirconium phosphate to obtain a dry acid zirconium phosphate; (ii) combining the dry acid zirconium phosphate with an aqueous solution to obtain an aqueous slurry; and (iii) combining the slurry with an alkali hydroxide to obtain the alkaline zirconium phosphate. During step (ii), any free phosphate ions in the dry acid zirconium phosphate leach out into the aqueous phase of the slurry.

Dialysis machines comprising a feed arrangement (170) to supply a dialysis fluid to a dialyzer (150) during dialysis treatment and a return arrangement (171) to remove the dialysis fluid from the dialyzer during dialysis treatment and forward it to an exit (129); a feed recirculation circuit (172) to allow a fluid of the feed arrangement to be re-circulated in a fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the feed arrangement and the feed recirculation circuit and a return recirculation circuit (173) to allow a fluid of the return arrangement to re-circulate in an auxiliary fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the return arrangement and the return recirculation circuit. A controller (160) configured to perform disinfection by re-circulating a disinfectant and/or a heated fluid through said fluid loop path and/or through said auxiliary fluid loop path. The dialysis machine (1) further comprises a feed forward arrangement (172) connected to the fluid loop path and arranged to enable a fluid of the feed arrangement (170) to be forwarded to the exit (129) by-passing the auxiliary fluid loop path.

A dialysis machine has a dialyzer (D), a water inlet system for supplying the dialyzer (D) with fresh dialysis fluid which is connected to the dialyzer and an external water supply and with a line for used dialysis fluid, which is in communication with the dialyzer (D). The water inlet system includes a container for water or other liquid, in particular for RO water. The dialysis machine includes a heat exchanger connected with the line for used dialysis fluid and with the water inlet system so that heat is transferred from the used dialysis fluid to the liquid present in the water inlet system. The container includes means for physical separation of the external water supply and the downstream portions of the water inlet system, preferably a free-fall path for incoming liquid from the water supply, and the heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the container.

A dialysis system includes a filtration system capable of filtering a water stream, a water purification system capable of purifying said water stream in a non-batch process, a mixing system capable of producing a stream of dialysate from mixing one or more dialysate components with the water stream in a non-batch process, and a dialyzer system. The dialyzer may be a microfluidic dialyzer capable of being fluidly coupled to the stream of dialysate and a blood stream.