Dialysis machines comprising a feed arrangement to supply a dialysis fluid to a dialyzer during dialysis treatment and a return arrangement to remove the dialysis fluid from the dialyzer during dialysis treatment and forward it to an exit; a feed recirculation circuit to allow a fluid of the feed arrangement to be re-circulated in a fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the feed arrangement and the feed recirculation circuit and a return recirculation circuit to allow a fluid of the return arrangement to re-circulate in an auxiliary fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the return arrangement and the return recirculation circuit. A controller configured to perform disinfection by re-circulating a disinfectant and/or a heated fluid through said fluid loop path and/or through said auxiliary fluid loop path. The dialysis machine further comprises a feed forward arrangement connected to the fluid loop path and arranged to enable a fluid of the feed arrangement to be forwarded to the exit by-passing the auxiliary fluid loop path.

A leak may be detected in a heat exchanger of a hemodialysis device. A drain valve is opened by the controller, and then closed by the controller after a pre-selected time period. An initial pressure is determined in the spent dialysate circuit and stored in the memory. A system pressure is determined at periodic time intervals and compared to a pre-determined maximum pressure. The controller then determines whether the heat exchanger has a leak, in that in response to the system pressure exceeding a predetermined maximum pressure, a command is generated to execute an event including suspending a disinfectant operation with a disinfecting agent, and in response to the initial pressure subtracted from the system pressure being greater than a predetermined minimum pressure differential, a command is generated to execute an event including suspending the cleanse operation with the disinfecting agent.

A peritoneal dialysis system includes a control unit is programmed to cause (i) a pressure sensor to take a first pressure reading of a reference chamber with a pneumatic valve closed, (ii) a pump actuator to pump fresh dialysis fluid through a fresh dialysis fluid pathway into a patient line expandable chamber, expanding the expandable chamber into a dome, (iii) the pneumatic valve to open, allowing the reference chamber to communicate pneumatically with any air in the dome, (iv) the pressure sensor to take a second pressure reading with the pneumatic valve open, (v) the first and second pressure readings to be used with the ideal gas law to determine an amount of air in the dome, and (vi) the amount of air in the dome and a known volume of the dome to be used to determine an amount of fresh dialysis fluid delivered into the expandable chamber.

This disclosure relates to a method for determining a fluid balance between a first volume flow in a first section of a fluid circuit and a second volume flow of a second section of the fluid circuit. The method may also include adjusting, assuming or detecting a first temperature in the first section of the fluid circuit and a second temperature in the second section of the fluid circuit, or detecting a temperature difference between the first and the second sections. The method may also include detecting a second volume flow in a second section of the fluid circuit and forming a balance from at least the first volume flow and a corrected value of the second volume flow. The corrected value is determined from the detected second volume flow and the second temperature and/or the temperature difference.

Dialysis systems including a water treatment unit preferably of the osmosis type, a drain line, and a heat exchanger are disclosed. A water supply line is connected to an outlet of the water treatment unit. The water supply line includes branch connections to which dialyzers are selectively fluid-coupled. Used-up dialysis fluid can be discharged from fluid-coupled dialyzers through the drain line. The heat exchanger, which is external to the dialyzers, connected on one side to the water supply line directly upstream of the branch connections and on the other side to the drain line.

An indirect drain flush system incorporating hot water to facilitate the transport of kidney dialysis effluent to wastewater treatment facilities is provided. Heated water is discharged into a waste line through an air gap, and the heated water increases the molecular interchange of fatty substances in the dialysis effluent, decreasing the viscosity of those fatty substances and preventing them from coagulating or crystalizing on pipes and drains. An air admittance valve may prevent negative pressure from building up within the system.

Dialysis machines comprising a feed arrangement (170) to supply a dialysis fluid to a dialyzer (150) during dialysis treatment and a return arrangement (171) to remove the dialysis fluid from the dialyzer during dialysis treatment and forward it to an exit (129); a feed recirculation circuit (172) to allow a fluid of the feed arrangement to be re-circulated in a fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the feed arrangement and the feed recirculation circuit and a return recirculation circuit (173) to allow a fluid of the return arrangement to re-circulate in an auxiliary fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the return arrangement and the return recirculation circuit. A controller (160) configured to perform disinfection by re-circulating a disinfectant and/or a heated fluid through said fluid loop path and/or through said auxiliary fluid loop path. The dialysis machine (1) further comprises a feed forward arrangement (172) connected to the fluid loop path and arranged to enable a fluid of the feed arrangement (170) to be forwarded to the exit (129) by-passing the auxiliary fluid loop path.

An improved system and methods for treatment of cancer and other diseases including complications from late-stage viral infections by inducing hyperthermia in a patient relying on withdrawing blood from the patient and returning the withdrawn blood to the patient to establish an extracorporeal flow circuit. Blood is heated by passing through the extracorporeal circuit at a controlled rate until a target body core temperature in is achieved. Usually, the blood will be subjected to a continuously re-circulating dialysis to balance electrolytes. Additionally, the blood will be subjected to a continuously recirculating regeneration through a carbon sorbent column where toxins and contaminants are removed. The blood temperature is maintained at the target blood temperature for a treatment period, and the blood is cooled after the treatment period has been completed. The method can also be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, hepatitis, sepsis, the Epstein-Barr virus, and patients with life threatening complications from other viruses, including the COVID-19 virus. A method for removing viruses from the blood supply in an external circuit is also presented. An adjunct of the present invention is enhanced production of stem cells as a result of employing the HEATT process. A further adjunct is production of transgenic swine with extant viral infections.

A sorbent cartridge device includes an ion-exchange material containing zirconium phosphate and no more than about 0.1 mg of leachable phosphate ions per about 1 g of the ion-exchange material. In one example, the cartridge also includes a phosphate-adsorbing material containing zirconium oxide. In this example, the weight ratio between zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide in the cartridge is from about 10:1 to about 40:1. The zirconium phosphate may be alkaline zirconium phosphate prepared by a process including the following steps: (i) drying acid zirconium phosphate to obtain a dry acid zirconium phosphate; (ii) combining the dry acid zirconium phosphate with an aqueous solution to obtain an aqueous slurry; and (iii) combining the slurry with an alkali hydroxide to obtain the alkaline zirconium phosphate. During step (ii), any free phosphate ions in the dry acid zirconium phosphate leach out into the aqueous phase of the slurry.

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for regulating and/or monitoring a heating device for heating a fluid, which has flowed in an in-flow section of a dialysis fluid circuit. The dialysis fluid circuit is part of a blood treatment apparatus, which comprises a container for receiving the fluid and a heating container for heating the fluid. The method encompasses the step of starting a heating process for heating the fluid in the heating container. The fluid is in fluid communication with the container when the filling level of the container reaches a pre-determined filling level value by means of direct or indirect flow from the inlet.