A processor of a medical device configured to communicate with a remote server can be programmed to protect the medical device from exposure to unauthorized or malicious software. A system or method to implement this form of protection can include, for example, at least one processor on the medical device, a control software module that controls the operation of the medical device and is executable on the processor, a data management module that manages data flow to and from the control software module from sources external to the medical device, and an agent module that has access to a limited number of designated memory locations in the medical device. In addition, a hemodialysis apparatus can be configured to operate in conjunction with an apparatus for providing purified water from a source such as a municipal water supply or a well. A system for controlling delivery of purified water to the hemodialysis apparatus can comprise a therapy controller of the hemodialysis apparatus configured to communicate with a controller of a water purification device, and a user interface controller of the hemodialysis apparatus configured to communicate with the therapy controller, and to send data to and receive data from a user interface.

A fluid separation device includes a centrifugal separator configured to receive a centrifugal separation chamber of a disposable fluid flow circuit, a pump system configured to convey a fluid into the centrifugal separation chamber and to remove a separated fluid component from the centrifugal separation chamber via an outlet, a color-based interface monitoring system configured to determine an interface position between separated fluid components continuously flowing through the centrifugal separation chamber based on dominant wavelength measurements of layers of separated fluid components during a centrifugal separation procedure, and a controller configured to measure the dominant wavelengths of the layers, calculate a duration as a color time for each measured dominant wavelength, set target color times, calculate error signals and calculate control signals to adjust the pump system to control the flow rate and interface position.

A CRRT apparatus comprising a filtration unit (2), a blood circuit (17), a blood pump (21), a dialysate line (13) and one or more lines (8; 51; 57; 58; 63; 69; 67; 74) to transfer a respective solution into blood; a fluid source for each of said one or more lines, wherein said solution comprises at least one buffer agent in the form of bicarbonate or bicarbonate precursor. A control unit (12) is configured to receive a patient prescription and to determine a parameter (J.sub.buffer_load/BW) indicative of a steady state acid-base balance in the blood of the patient who has to undergo a CRRT blood treatment, wherein said parameter is determined as a function of the concentration of said buffer agent in said fluid source and as a function of the estimated or calculated patient systemic steady state concentration of bicarbonate and/or bicarbonate precursors.

A blood filtration system may include blood circuit configured to transmit a fluid within one or more lumens. The system may include an optical sensor configured to couple with the blood circuit. The optical sensor may measure one or more optical characteristics of the fluid in the blood circuit. The one or more optical characteristics may include a first optical characteristic corresponding to a concentration of an imaging substance in the fluid within the blood circuit. The system may include a controller in communication with the optical sensor. The controller may include a sampling module configured to record the one or more optical characteristics. The controller may include a physiological characteristic identification module configured to determine a plasma volume of the patient with the recorded optical characteristics of the imaging substance.

An example medical device includes a sensor configured to sense a parameter of interest that changes as a function of a hemodialysis treatment parameter and generate a signal indicative of the sensed parameter of interest. The medical device includes memory configured to store an association between the parameter of interest and the hemodialysis treatment parameter. The medical device includes processing circuitry configured to receive the signal from the sensor. The processing circuitry also is configured to determine a modification to the hemodialysis treatment parameter based on the signal indicative of the parameter of interest and the association. The processing circuitry is also configured to automatically modify the hemodialysis treatment parameter based on the determined modification.

Systems and methods are provided for improving efficiency and quality of plasma being removed from a blood separation chamber. The system includes a separation chamber in which plasma is separated from cellular blood components, a pump for moving the plasma and an outlet line for removing the separated plasma from the blood separation chamber. An optical sensor assembly is configured to monitor the blood separation chamber and measure an interface position between the separated component and the plasma, and to generate an output indicative of the measured interface position. A controller is programmed to utilize a lipid concentration input of the blood and to set an original lipemia offset, a lipemia threshold and lipemia final setpoint from a predetermined database, and to use a proportional-integral-derivative control loop to assess the actual interface position plus the lipemia threshold to adjust and achieve a final lipemia setpoint for use during separation procedures.

The invention relates to a fluid analysis module that comprises for blood analysis: a module housing with a fluid inlet port; at least one fluid sensor that is integrated within the module housing and comprises a sensor surface that is able to make a fluidic connection with the fluid inlet port; a chamber integrated within the module housing. The chamber can be brought into a fluidic connection with the sensor surface of the at least one fluid sensor. At least one first liquid reservoir attached within the chamber which is able to be brought into a fluidic connection with the sensor surface of the at least one fluid sensor; and at least one module housing surface, on which an elastic, fluid-tight separating wall that is embodied in membrane-like fashion is attached At least in portions, under a separating wall at least one fluidic functional configured as a flow valve and at least one fluidic functional element configured as a delivery pump is attached so that the fluidic functional elements are operable by local mechanical deformation of the separating wall: a) only deliver fluid from the fluid inlet port into the chamber via the sensor surface and b) only deliver a liquid housed in the liquid reservoir from the liquid reservoir into the chamber via the sensor surface.

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands.

The present disclosure relates to a method for determining or recommending a time point for measuring a patient's pressure readings during a blood treatment session. The method encompasses monitoring the ultrafiltration rate with which the patient's blood is treated, a relative blood volume, and/or a sodium concentration or a change in any of these, for the existence of, or meeting any pre-determined criterion for the ultrafiltration, the relative blood volume, and/or the sodium concentration, or the change thereto. Furthermore, the method encompasses transmitting a signal to a blood pressure measuring device when the pre-determined criterion for the ultrafiltration rate, the relative blood volume, and/or the sodium concentration or the change thereto is met.

This document describes devices used during surgical procedures for the treatment of heart conditions. For example, this document describes technology to monitor the operations of a heart-lung machine and then shows associated read outs on a head-worn display in order to provide an augmented-reality presentation. For example, various sensors on and around a heart-lung machine, patient, and/or extracorporeal circuit can monitor the operations of the procedure using the heart-lung machine.