Disclosed is a peramivir dry powder inhaler, comprising a peramivir API or its acceptable salt or hydrate, wherein a single-dose preparation has a content of 5˜30 mg; the particle size distribution D10 of the dry powder is 1.3˜2.2 μm, D50 is 3˜6 μm, and D90 is 6˜13 μm. The peramivir dry powder inhaler prepared can effectively lower the titer of the influenza A virus in mouse lungs, has a notable anti-virus effect, can significantly prolong survival time and reduce mortality rate. The drug efficacy of the peramivir dry powder inhaler is superior to those of the peramivir sodium chloride injection and oseltamivir phosphate. The peramivir dry powder inhaler has a specific lung targeting effect, with notable improvement in drug effectiveness and safety.

Apparatus and methods are described for use with a portion of plant material that includes at least one active ingredient. A vaporizing unit includes a heating element configured to heat the plant material, and a sensor configured to detect an indication of airflow rate through the vaporizing unit. Control circuitry is configured to receive an indication of the airflow rate through the vaporizing unit, and, in response thereto, to determine a smoking profile that is desired by the user. The control circuitry drives the heating element to vaporize the active ingredient of the plant material by heating the plant material according to the determined smoking profile. The control circuitry dynamically updates the smoking profile in response to changes in airflow rate over the course of a smoking session. Other applications are also described.

The aerosol-generating article is capable of being used with an electrically-operated aerosol-generating device. The aerosol-generating article is a consumable article having an outlet end, a distal end upstream from the outlet end, and a mid-point located an equal distance between the outlet end and the distal end. The article includes a first volatile liquid substrate contained within a first frangible capsule, the frangible capsule being located between the distal end and the mid-point, and a second volatile liquid substrate contained within a second frangible capsule, the second frangible capsule being located between the distal end and the mid-point. The article also includes a liquid retention medium, at least a portion the liquid retention medium being located between the distal end and the mid-point, wherein the article is configured to allow air to be drawn through the article from the distal end to the outlet end.

The present disclosure provides a nasal delivery device with a device body that includes a trigger end and an outlet end. The nasal delivery device also includes a trigger assembly coupled to the trigger end of the device body, a drug container supported by the device body, and a spring-loaded activator assembly supported by the device body and disposed between the trigger assembly and the drug container.

A foam inhalation device (874) for dispensing a foam to be inhaled by a user. The inhalation device (874) comprises a foam-generating component for generating the foam, an outlet (882) for dispensing the foam to the user, and a fluid flow path which fluidly communicates the foam-generating component with the outlet (882). The foam is generatable by the foam-generating component and flows to the outlet (882) via the fluid flow path to be inhaled by the user.

Apparatus and methods are described for use with a vaporizer that vaporizes at least one active ingredient of a plant material. In response to receiving a first input to the vaporizer, the plant material is heated, in a first heating step. An indication of the temperature of the plant material is detected, and, in response to detecting an indication that the temperature of the plant material is at a first temperature, the first heating step is terminated, by withholding causing further temperature increase of the plant material. The first temperature is less than 95 percent of the vaporization temperature of the active ingredient. Subsequently, a second input is received at the vaporizer. In response thereto, the plant material is heated to the vaporization temperature, in a second heating step. Other applications are also described.

Apparatus and methods are described for use with a vaporizer that vaporizes at least one active ingredient of a material. In response to receiving a first input to the vaporizer, the material is heated, in a first heating step. An indication of the temperature of the material is detected, and, in response to detecting an indication that the temperature of the material is at a first temperature, the first heating step is terminated, by withholding causing further temperature increase of the material. The first temperature is less than 95 percent of the vaporization temperature of the active ingredient. Subsequently, a second input is received at the vaporizer. In response thereto, the material is heated to the vaporization temperature, in a second heating step. Other applications are also described.

A dispenser device for fluid or powder, including an air expeller (20) and a reservoir (30). The reservoir (30) has an air inlet (31) connected to the air expeller (20) and a composition outlet (32) connected to a dispenser opening (10), and is removably mounted on the air expeller. After actuation, the empty reservoir can be removed from the air expeller and replaced with a new reservoir. The air inlet (31) is closed by a first closure element (40) and the composition outlet (32) is closed by a second closure element (50). A mechanical opening system (61, 62) co-operates with the first and second closure elements to expel each closure element from the closed position. The mechanical opening system has a first rod (61) secured to the air expeller (20), and a second rod (62) secured to the dispenser head (1), co-operating with a closure element during actuation.

Containment units, dry powder inhalers, delivery systems, and methods for the same are disclosed. Exemplary devices are configured to have inlets and outlets which are formed with the containment walls of a containment unit. Air jets formed by the configuration of inlet(s) and outlet(s) inside the containment unit create significant turbulence and deaggregate the powder. Delivery system components downstream of the containment unit may integrate the exiting aerosol plume with a low flow nasal cannula air stream for delivery to a subject.

A dry pharmaceutical composition is provided that is suitable for respiratory tract delivery of levodopa and DDI for treatment of Parkinson's disease or Parkinson syndrome. The dry pharmaceutical composition comprises levodopa, a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (DDI) and at least one excipient. A unit dosage form of the dry pharmaceutical composition and a method of treating a patient with Parkinson's disease or Parkinson syndrome by administering the dry pharmaceutical composition are also provided.