A method for variable electrostimulative behavior modification includes sensing placement of a first anatomical portion of a body in contact to a surface of a target object adapted for behavior modification with a multiplicity of electrostimulative end points coupled to an energy source. The method additionally includes delivering an electrical neurostimulus through one of the end points nearest to the placement of the first anatomical portion in proximity to the surface the electrical neurostimulus including a waveform promoting a modification of behavior associated with the placement of the first anatomical portion in proximity to the surface. Thereafter, an anomalous characteristic of the sensed placement indicating a failure to modify the behavior may be detected and a profile of the waveform of the electrical neurostimulus changes to a different waveform in response to the anomalous characteristic of the sensed placement.

A vestibular neurostimulation device, which may include first and second electrodes; first and second thermoelectric devices thermally coupled, respectively, to first and second earpieces that are configured to be insertable into respective ear canals of a patient; and a controller comprising a waveform generator. The waveform generator may be is configured to deliver a modulated electric signal to the patient through galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) using the first and second electrodes and to deliver a time varying thermal waveform to the patient through caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) using the first and second earpieces simultaneous with the delivery of the modulated electrical signal through GVS. The CVS and/or GVS may be configured to increase a passage of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) through a blood-brain-barrier.

A collar-mounted location sensor and stimulation unit includes a body. A generally planar stimulation unit and differential impedance-based fur detector in combination protect the animal from harmful stimulation. At least one sensory stimulator is configured to provide at least one of auditory, kinesthetic, and visual stimulation responsive to an output of a location sensor. One or more of a voltage, current, oscillation frequency, extent of modulation, or other output characteristic of the stimulation unit output is varied responsive to the detected fur differential impedance to protect and benefit both the body and mind of the animal.

A method of neurostimulation may include delivering an electrical signal to a plurality of electrodes connected to a patient. The electrical signal may include an amplitude and a carrier frequency. The method may include modulating the electrical signal based on an audio waveform. In some embodiments, the modulating may include modulating at least one of the amplitude and the carrier frequency based on the audio waveform to modulate the electrical signal.

A system includes spatially isolated nodes proximal to a cortical surface or spinal cord, a telemetric antenna array located above the dura, the telemetric antenna array configured to provide power to and exchange data with the spatially isolated nodes, and a power and data distribution unit configured to power the spatially isolated nodes, aggregate recorded data, send the aggregated recorded data and commands through a wireless link.

In an illustrative embodiment, methods and systems for attenuating effect(s) associated with reduction or cessation of substance use by an individual include providing a neurostimulation delivery system including a neurostimulation device having a first portion including a first electrode configured to electrically stimulate auricular branch(es) of the vagus nerve, and a second portion including a second electrode configured to electrically stimulate branch(es) of the auriculotemporal nerve, and a pulse generator including circuitry configured to deliver therapeutic stimulation pulses to the first and second electrodes. Methods and systems include positioning the neurostimulation device for administration of the neurostimulation treatment, whereby the first electrode is disposed on, over or adjacent to auricular branch(es) of the vagus nerve, and the second electrode is disposed on, over or adjacent to branch(es) of the auriculotemporal nerve, and administering the neurostimulation treatment.

An access control unit having a novel structure and arrangement, including a first layer comprising an electrostimulation contact interface, a second layer including a biometric sensor coupled to the electrostimulation contact interface, and a third layer including a microprocessor unit in communication with the electrostimulation contact interface. The second layer is sandwiched between the first layer and the third layer. The electrostimulation contact interface comprises one or more anode/cathode arrays configured to deliver neurostimulative excitations to the electrostimulation contact interface to elicit behavior modification.

Methods and devices for treating and managing addiction are disclosed where an apparatus for mitigating addictive behavior may generally comprise at least two electrodes for positioning in proximity to an ulnar nerve of a body of a subject and one or more sensors configured to detect physiologic parameters which correlate to one or more symptoms indicative of addictive behavior of the subject. A pulse generator may be programmed to receive a sensor output based on the detected physiologic parameters and to apply a treatment stimulation to the ulnar nerve through a skin surface of the subject such that the addictive behavior of the subject is reduced.

In an illustrative embodiment, methods and systems for attenuating effect(s) associated with reduction or cessation of substance use by an individual include providing a neurostimulation delivery system including a neurostimulation device having a first portion including at first electrode configured to electrically stimulate branch(s) of the auriculotemporal nerve, and a second portion including a second electrode configured to electrically stimulate auricular branch(es) of the vagus nerve, and a pulse generator including circuitry configured to deliver therapeutic stimulation pulses to the first and second electrodes. Methods and systems include positioning the neurostimulation device for administration of the neurostimulation treatment, whereby the first electrode is disposed on, over or adjacent to branch(s) of the auriculotemporal nerve, and the second electrode is disposed on, over or adjacent to auricular branch(es) of the vagus nerve, and administering the neurostimulation treatment.

The present invention discloses a wireless and self-contained earbud device that delivers an electronic signal to a precise and self-locating position within bilateral conchae in both ears of a human user. The earbud device comprises an earpiece housing and an electronics housing including a waveform source for generating a constant electronic signal. The electronics housing is included inside the earpiece housing and communicates wirelessly with one or more devices of a user. The constant electronic signal is transmitted from the electronics housing and is communicated to a precise and self-locating position within bilateral conchae in each ear of the user who is wearing the therapeutic earbud device for treating heroin addiction. The earbud device is made of a foam-like material that is self-fitting in the user's ear regardless of shape or size.