A fluid discharge cap for a firefighting apparatus includes a body and a plurality of ports. The body is configured to be removably secured to the firefighting apparatus and includes a flange portion and a face portion. The flange portion extends around a periphery of the face portion and is removably secured to the firefighting apparatus. The plurality of ports are formed in at least a portion of the face portion of the body. Pressurized fluid flowing through the firefighting apparatus exits the ports in a predetermined direction.

A fire suppression system, a method for deploying the fire suppression system, an adapter for use in the fire suppression system and a method for increasing local humidity using the fire suppression system, as well as uses of the adapter for transferring water to vehicles or aircraft are described. The fire suppression system is formed of segments of water transfer conduit extending from a main water source. The system includes a plurality of connections between at least some of the segments of water transfer conduit made using an adapter placed at a fixed location. In the system. the adapter has a main water dispensing device mounted thereon. The main water dispensing device is in water transfer communication with the water transfer conduit and the adapter includes one or more connection points for transfer of water via branch conduits extending outward from the adapter or inward to the adapter from a secondary water source.

A fire protection system that includes a fluid supply and a fluid delivery apparatus. The fluid delivery apparatus receives fluid from the fluid supply and delivers a protectant solution to a building to prevent the building from catching fire. The fluid delivery apparatus includes an expansion chamber having an inlet for receiving fluid from the fluid supply, and an outlet where the protectant solution exits the expansion chamber. The fluid delivery apparatus also includes a resource line in fluid communication with the expansion chamber to provide a flame resistant substance to the expansion chamber from a reservoir. Further, the fluid delivery apparatus includes a vent line in fluid communication with the reservoir and the expansion chamber, a pressure difference between the vent line and the resource line causes the fluid in the vent line to push the flame resistant substance from the reservoir to the expansion chamber via the resource line. A method of installing the fire protection system on a building. The fluid delivery apparatus of the fire protection system can be provided to receive fluid from the fluid supply and positioned adjacent to desirous parts of the building to deliver a protectant solution from the fluid delivery apparatus to the building.

An example fire suppression apparatus includes a nozzle assembly configured to emit a spray of water through a spray nozzle projecting outward from a side wall of the nozzle assembly. The nozzle assembly includes a union fitting body, a first compression nut threadably engaged with a first end of the side wall, a second compression nut threadably engaged with an opposite, second end, and a longitudinal aperture extending from the first end to the second end. A spray nozzle rotatably connected to the side wall is formed with a transverse spray channel in fluid communication with the longitudinal aperture. An apparatus embodiment optionally includes many of the nozzle assembly connected in series to one another by intervening water distribution pipes to form a water distribution network.

A wide-area wildfire suppression system uses a network of geographically distributed water sprayers, and includes at least one wind sensor and a fire-suppression controller communicatively coupled to the water sprayers and the at least one wind sensor. The at least one wind sensor detects wind direction and communicates wind-direction information to the fire-suppression controller, which uses the wind-direction information to activate at least one of the water sprayers upwind of an asset or area to be protected. Parameters of the water spray, such as flow rate, droplet size, spray pattern, spray direction, spray elevation, or aeration, can be adapted based on wind direction or wind speed,

A wide-area wildfire suppression system uses a network of geographically distributed water sprayers, and includes at least one wind sensor and a fire-suppression controller communicatively coupled to the water sprayers and the at least one wind sensor. The at least one wind sensor detects wind direction and communicates wind-direction information to the fire-suppression controller, which uses the wind-direction information to activate at least one of the water sprayers upwind of an asset or area to be protected. Parameters of the water spray, such as flow rate, droplet size, spray pattern, spray direction, spray elevation, or aeration, can be adapted based on wind direction or wind speed,

A system for increasing humidity for fire suppression is provided, as well as a process for deploying the system. The system includes a main line formed of lengths of conduit having an inner diameter of at least about 8 inches (about 20 cm). At least some of the lengths of conduit are connected to each other using an adapter connected to a water dispenser in water transfer communication with the main line, thereby providing a plurality of water dispensers along the main line. The system includes one or more inline pumps or branch line pumps for boosting water pressure in the main line to provide water pressure at each water dispenser of at least about 80 psi (about 550 kPa). The deployment process includes steps of determining equipment quantities and transport of the equipment to the vicinity of a water source for deployment.

A modular fluid spray nozzle is constructed from an inner conduit, having a sidewall with a center hole, housed inside a center conduit that includes a window defined by a sidewall, and a flexible or rigid outer conduit wrapped around the center conduit and forming a chamber with the rectangular window. The chamber is in fluid communication with the center hole and with at least two apertures defined by the outer conduit. The inner conduit is configured to be coupled to any type of conduit material, such as PVC pipe or another modular fluid hose segment.

A method of providing a deluge system (10) on a boom (12) such as a boom that is used to conduct well flaring operations at an end thereof. The deluge system comprises a base unit (30), a stanchion (20), and a nozzle apparatus (22); the method comprising attaching the deluge system to a burner boom with a walkway, such that there remains a width of at least 30 cm clear passage on the boom's walkway after the deluge system has been attached. This provides an escape and/or rescue route for personnel should a dangerous situation occur, such as uncontrolled fire or personnel falling overboard. In preferred embodiments, the deluge system is attached to the boom outboard of handrail supports (which includes on a single handrail). The deluge system may have its own mechanism e.g. a winch, for moving the stanchion from a stowed position to an operative position which allows a safe and more optimum positioning of the stanchion away from the well flaring operation, as herein described. In a preferred embodiment, the stanchion is provided as part of a moveable member which is rotationally attached to a connection mechanism of the base unit at a connection point spaced away from an end of the moveable member. This allows the moveable member to have a counter weight system and reduces the amount of force required to move the moveable member, avoiding mechanical constraints.

A forest fire spread prevention device as an automatic fire extinguishing device for a forest fire may suppress an occurrence of property loss and loss of lives by blocking the forest fire in the middle so that it does not spread to nearby private houses when a forest fire occurs. The forest fire spread prevention device can include a burlap bag-shaped outer skin member which is woven with a thermoplastic plastic tape having a melting point of 160 to 280? C. as a weft and a warp; and an inner skin member of a cylindrical container which is accommodated in the outer skin member and formed in a film shape prepared by extruding a thermoplastic plastic material having a thickness of 15 to 50 microns and a melting point of 110 to 130? C. in a cylindrical shape, and has an inner space filled with water.