An exercise apparatus, system, and method include a board with adjustable bumpers having shock-absorbing systems and user-adjustable bumper push-off angles. A counterforce and guiding system, providing an amount of counterbalance force corresponding to an amount of force by an amount of a user lean during a sliding motion, while simultaneously providing an amount of a guiding force from a harness not affixed statically to a user allowing a gliding motion along a path, with a guideline to guide an amount of a user motion to correspond to user-selected path of motion on the top sliding surface as the user slides, that results in the user to simulate, a body dynamic of a naturally occurring posture and motion of a human's body optimized for performing the motion that corresponds to the user-selected path of motion.

An exercise device has guide links each having a first attachment point pivotally attached to an upper part of a frame. Foot support links each have a foot receiving area to support a user's foot and are pivotally connected to a second attachment point of one of the guide links so that when the guide links pivot relative to the frame, the foot support links move in a path of travel having a horizontal component of motion. A first and a second control pulley are each pivotally connected to a respective one of the guide links and offset from the first pivot axis so as to move in an arc. A first and a second flexible element each couple the vertical drive assembly to a respective one of the foot support links. Each flexible element has a midportion extending about a respective one of the control pulleys.

A training apparatus with adjustable travel distance includes a base frame including a pair of guide rails extending along a transverse axis, a pair of sliding units each including a pedal coupled to and slidable along one respective guide rail and a stopper located on one lateral side of the pedal, and a pair of travel distance adjusting units each including a guiding member mounted in the base frame and extending along the transverse axis and a rear position-limiting member mounted on the guiding member for stopping against the stopper of one respective pedal and position adjustable relative to the guiding member along the transverse axis to adjust the travel distance of the respective pedal.

Elliptical exercise machines with a footskate on a reciprocating rail that provides for the ability to alter the horizontal stride of the user utilizing the machine, without significantly altering their vertical stride height on the machine. This is generally performed by altering the angle through which any point on the rail can, and does, move. Such adjustment may be performed by having the rail attached to a swing arm, where the arc of rotation of the swing arm relative to the frame is altered.

Handles for use in exercise apparatus and in lifting apparatus are provided.

An exercise apparatus, system, and method includes a board with adjustable bumpers having shock-absorbing systems and user-adjustable bumper push-off angles. A counterforce and guiding system provides an amount of counterbalance force corresponding to an amount of force by an amount of a user lean during a sliding motion, while simultaneously providing an amount of a guiding force from a harness not affixed statically to a user. This allows for a gliding motion along a path, with a guideline to guide an amount of a user motion corresponding to a user-selected path of motion on a top sliding surface as the user slides. This results in the user simulating a dynamic of a naturally occurring posture and motion of a human body optimized for performing the gliding motion corresponding to the user-selected path of motion.