A teaching tile set with pictorial characters thereon includes a set of tiles with pictorial characters thereon and a first Chinese character tree diagram board. The first Chinese character tree diagram board has multiple first pictorial characters thereon and multiple derived relationships among the multiple first pictorial characters, and each first pictorial character is mapped to the pictorial character on one tile of the set of tiles. The pictorial characters on the set of tiles provide modern characters that pictorize Chinese characters to simulate initial forms of ancient Chinese characters. By collaborating the teaching tile set with group games to learn derived relationships of Chinese characters, recognize Chinese characters with the same root, and distinguish components of Chinese characters, the goal of facilitating learners' understanding of the way of composing Chinese characters can be realized.