The present invention covers a novel method for creating an adsorbent and the resulting novel adsorbent. The method may be used to remove pollutants/unwanted chemicals from water, air, other gases, biological fluids (such as blood, urine, lipids, protein fluids), and other fluids (such as fuel). The adsorbent may be used to remove heavy metals (for example, lead), organic pollutants, inorganic non-meal pollutants (for example, nitrates and bromates). Accordingly, the current invention has many applications including but not limited to water treatment, wastewater treatment, biomedical fluid treatments, gas cleanup, and fuel (oil, gas) cleanup.

Disclosed are methods and systems for removing submicron particles from a gas stream, in particular from urea prilling off-gas, wherein a Venturi ejector is used. A method comprises contacting a gas stream containing submicron particles in a Venturi ejector with an injected high velocity scrubbing liquid to provide a pumping action, wherein the scrubbing liquid has an initial velocity of at least 25 m/s and wherein the ratio of scrubbing liquid and gas flow is between 0.0005 and 0.0015 (m.sup.3/h)/(m.sup.3/h).

A liquid hydrocarbon desulfurization system having at least one processing unit, and preferably an initial and an end processing unit. Each processing unit having a reactor assembly and a sorption system. An aqueous system directs aqueous into the reactor assembly together with liquid hydrocarbon, wherein the two are mixed using shear mixers. An adsorbent system provides adsorbent to the sorption column to adsorb the oxidized sulfur resulting through the mixing of the liquid hydrocarbon with the aqueous. A system having multiple processing units is disclosed, as well as systems for transferring adsorbent and providing aqueous. A plurality of methods is likewise disclosed.

A process and device for enhancing the chemical protection capability of a collective protection filter whereby the process stream exiting the collective protection filter is passed through an Auxiliary Filter. The auxiliary filter containing an ammonia removal media, such as zirconium hydroxide impregnated with zinc chloride (ZnCl.sub.2/Zr(OH).sub.4), an oxidizing media, preferably zirconium hydroxide impregnated with potassium permanganate (KMnO.sub.4/Zr(OH).sub.4), and a methyl bromide removal media, preferably activated carbon impregnated with triethylenediamine (TEDA/carbon). The auxiliary filter and process are configured to remove toxic industrial chemicals including NH.sub.3, NO.sub.x (mixtures of NO and NO.sub.2) and CH.sub.2O, and CH.sub.3Br.

The present invention provides a process of cultivating microalgae and a joint method of same jointed with denitration. During the microalgae cultivation, EM bacteria is added into the microalgae suspension. In the nutrient stream for cultivating microalgae, at least one of the nitrogen source, phosphorus source and carbon source is provided in the form of a nutrient salt. During the cultivation, the pH of the microalgae suspension is adjusted with nitric acid and/or nitrous acid. The joint method includes (1) a step of cultivating microalgae; (2) a separation step of separating a microalgae suspension obtained from step (1) into a wet microalgae (microalgae biomass) and a residual cultivation solution; and (3) a NOx absorbing/immobilizing step of denitrating an industrial waste gas with the residual cultivation solution obtained from step (2). The nutrient stream absorbed with NOx obtained from step (3) is used to provide nitrogen source to the microalgae cultivation of step (1).

A liquid hydrocarbon desulfurization system having at least one processing unit, and preferably an initial and an end processing unit. Each processing unit having a reactor assembly and a sorption system. An aqueous system directs aqueous into the reactor assembly together with liquid hydrocarbon, wherein the two are mixed using shear mixers. An adsorbent system provides adsorbent to the sorption column to adsorb the oxidized sulfur resulting through the mixing of the liquid hydrocarbon with the aqueous. A system having multiple processing units is disclosed, as well as systems for transferring adsorbent and providing aqueous. A plurality of methods is likewise disclosed.

Disclosed is a method for the removal of ammonia from the off-gas of a finishing section of a urea production plant. Also disclosed is a corresponding urea plant, and a method of accordingly modifying a pre-existing urea plant. In a scrubbing section, the off-gas is brought into contact with an acidic scrubbing liquid so as to provide a scrubbed off-gas and a utilized scrubbing liquid comprising ammonium salt. The method specifies an evaporation section, which is part of the urea plant that produces urea melt, that is divided into first and second stages. The first stage is part of the urea melt production plant. The second stage decoupled, as regards recirculation of liquids other than the urea product stream, from the urea melt production plant. This is accomplished by sending utilized scrubbing liquid that contains ammonium salts to the second stage evaporation section, and by sending condensed vapours from said second stage evaporation section to said scrubbing section.

Disclosed is a method for the removal of ammonia from the off-gas of a finishing section of a urea production plant. Also disclosed is a corresponding urea plant, and a method of accordingly modifying a pre-existing urea plant. In a scrubbing section, the off-gas is brought into contact with an acidic scrubbing liquid so as to provide a scrubbed off-gas and a utilized scrubbing liquid comprising ammonium salt. The method specifies an evaporation section, which is part of the urea plant that produces urea melt, that is divided into first and second stages. The first stage is part of the urea melt production plant. The second stage decoupled, as regards recirculation of liquids other than the urea product stream, from the urea melt production plant. This is accomplished by sending utilized scrubbing liquid that contains ammonium salts to the second stage evaporation section, and by sending condensed vapours from said second stage evaporation section to said scrubbing section.

Systems and methods for producing nitrates, nitric acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof are disclosed. The systems may include a feed conduit configured for receiving a feed stream comprising molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen; an inlet conduit configured for receiving an inlet stream; a plasma reactor fluidically coupled to the inlet conduit, the plasma reactor fluidically coupled to a reactor-outlet conduit configured for receiving the reactor-outlet stream, the plasma reactor configured to produce oxidized nitrogen species; and an absorber fluidically coupled to the reactor-outlet conduit, the absorber configured to receive the reactor outlet stream and to produce nitrates, nitrites, nitric acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof from the reactor outlet stream. A recycle conduit may be fluidically coupled to the absorber and the inlet conduit, wherein the recycle conduit is configured to receive the gas-phase stream from the absorber and provide the gas-phase stream to the inlet conduit.

A liquid hydrocarbon desulfurization system having at least one processing unit, and preferably an initial and an end processing unit. Each processing unit having a reactor assembly and a sorption system. An aqueous system directs aqueous into the reactor assembly together with liquid hydrocarbon, wherein the two are mixed using shear mixers. An adsorbent system provides adsorbent to the sorption column to adsorb the oxidized sulfur resulting through the mixing of the liquid hydrocarbon with the aqueous. A system having multiple processing units is disclosed, as well as systems for transferring adsorbent and providing aqueous. A plurality of methods is likewise disclosed.