A gas-permeable element configured to close a receptacle base containing an active material, wherein the receptacle includes the receptacle base and the gas-permeable element. The gas-permeable element includes a body, having a base wall, including at least one opening. For each opening of the base wall, the body includes a tubular projection projecting from a periphery of the opening. The tubular projection includes a first end, connected to the periphery of the opening, a second end, defining a distal edge surface transverse to a longitudinal axis of the tubular projection. A porous membrane portion extends across the second end of the tubular projection while attached to the distal edge surface at its periphery.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to extraction of target materials using a CZTS sorbent. A method of extracting a target material from a medium includes contacting a copper zinc tin sulfur (CZTS) sorbent with the target material in the medium including the target material to form a used CZTS sorbent that includes the target material.

A carbon dioxide recovery system is configured to separate carbon dioxide from gas containing the carbon dioxide via an electrochemical reaction and includes an electrochemical cell including a working electrode and a counter electrode. The working electrode includes a CO.sub.2 adsorbent. The CO.sub.2 adsorbent is configured to, when a first voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode, take in electrons flowing from the counter electrode to the working electrode and adsorb the carbon dioxide by a Coulomb force of the electrons without bonding to the carbon dioxide by sharing an electron orbital with the carbon dioxide. The CO.sub.2 adsorbent is configured to, when a second voltage different from the first voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode, discharge the electrons from the working electrode to the counter electrode and desorb the carbon dioxide.

A preparation method for the carrier, includes: 1) mixing hydrated alumina with an organic acid to obtain a mixture A; and 2) adding tetraalkylsiloxane to the mixture A, thus obtaining a mixture B; stirring the mixture B in a closed condition; spraying atomized water into the mixture B; and stirring to yield the carrier.

The process of reacting nanoscale ce-MoS.sub.2 nanosheets anchored on oxide support with lead in solution at room temperature whereby the reaction is rapid and spontaneous resulting in the formation of PbMoO.sub.4-xS.sub.x in the process of scavenging Pb.sup.2+ and Pb.sup.4+ present in the solution.

A modified natural sulfide ore material, a preparation method, and a use thereof are disclosed. A natural sulfide ore and a copper salt are used as raw materials. The natural sulfide ore is modified through mechanical grinding for activation, drying, and the like to synthesize a sulfide ore composite. The copper salt is subjected to a reaction to increase metal sites, produce fine microcrystalline particles, and change the crystal structure, such that active sites can be fully exposed. When contacting mercury in a gas phase and/or a liquid phase, the modified natural sulfide ore material can convert the mercury into a stable compound to realize the immobilization and removal of the mercury, which has advantages such as large mercury adsorption capacity, high adsorption rate, wide application temperature range, low cost, abundant raw material reserves, simple operation, and environmentally-friendly mercury removal products without secondary pollution and shows promising industrial application prospects.

An adsorbent composition for capturing pollutants includes a porous composition that includes a plurality of ferric oxyhydroxide particles and an additional component in the porous composition. The additional component includes one of copper chloride (CuCl.sub.2), zinc chloride (ZnCl.sub.2), polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, activated carbon or other carbonaceous material, and a combination thereof.

A capture mass for heavy metals, in particular mercury, contained in a gaseous or liquid feed, said mass comprising: copper which is present at least in part in the sulphide form, Cu.sub.xS.sub.y, a porous support based on alumina; characterized in that said porous support has a total pore volume (TPV) in the range 0.8 to 1.5 cm.sup.3/g, a mesopore volume (V.sub.6 nm-100 nm) in the range 0.5 to 1.3 cm.sup.3/g, and a macropore volume (V.sub.100 nm) in the range 0.33 to 0.45 cm.sup.3/g, it being understood that the ratio between the mesopore volume and the macropore volume (V.sub.6 nm-100 nm/V.sub.100 nm) is in the range 1 to 5.

A hydrophobic adsorbent composition and process for removal of mercury from a gas phase fluid near the water and/or hydrocarbon dew point is disclosed herein.

A method and composition of matter for detecting and decontaminating hazardous chemicals, the composition of matter including: a magnetic material for any of chemisorbing, molecularly dissociating, or decomposing a hazardous chemical, wherein the magnetic material changes its magnetic moment upon any of chemisorption, decomposition, and molecular dissociation of the hazardous chemical and the change in magnetic moment is used to detect the presence of the hazardous chemical, and wherein the hazardous chemical includes any of toxic industrial chemicals, chemical warfare agents, and chemical warfare agent related compounds.