A membrane separation pretreatment apparatus including a membrane separation unit and a first underwater plasma discharge unit disposed in front of the membrane separation unit is provided. The membrane separation pretreatment apparatus includes a membrane separation unit configured to remove particulate matter contained in raw water, and a first underwater plasma discharge unit disposed in front of the membrane separation unit and configured to cause a portion of the raw water to be introduced into the membrane separation unit to perform underwater plasma discharging.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for electrically conductive membrane separation from a mixture solution via membrane nanofiltration, electro-filtration, or electro-extraction by: generating an electric field at the membrane filter, holding the membrane filter at a constant electric potential, or driving a constant current through the membrane filter; feeding a mixture solution through the membrane nanofiltration system; and separating a component from the mixture solution into a permeate solution.

A method for preparation of conductive polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane and the use thereof. This conductive polymer/CNT composite NF membrane is obtained by polymerizing conductive polymer into a CNT membrane and then in-situ cross-linking with glutaraldehyde under acidic condition. The synthetic method for the conductive polymer/CNT composite NF membrane is simple and has no need of expensive equipment. The prepared membrane has controllable membrane structure and possesses superior electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability. The membrane can couple with electrochemistry for electrically assisted filtration. With the electrical assistance, the membrane can achieve improved ion rejection performance while retaining high permeability by enhancement of membrane surface charge density, which alleviates the permeability-selectivity trade-off. Furthermore, the electrically assisted NF membrane filtration can also enhance the removal for small molecular organic pollutants.

Systems and methods are disclosed that include providing a filter assembly having a filter body with an inlet and an outlet, a filter membrane support disposed within the filter body between the inlet and outlet, a filter membrane coupled to the filter membrane support, and at least one component that passes through the inlet, the filter membrane support, and the outlet to carry an electrical current, a fluid, or combinations thereof through the filter.

There is provided a system and method for angstrom confinement of trapped ions. The method including: receiving water molecules and ionic compounds in a first reservoir, an angstrom confinement assembly is positioned between the first reservoir and a second reservoir, the angstrom confinement assembly defining angstrom conduits; and repeatedly applying an electric field across a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode on a same side of the angstrom confinement assembly as the first reservoir and the second electrode on a same side of the angstrom confinement assembly as the second reservoir, the electric field applied such that, when the electric field is applied, positive ions of the ionic compounds are induced to flow through the angstrom conduits, and wherein, when the electric field is not applied, water molecules flow into the angstrom conduits due to capillary forces to confine the positive ions in the angstrom conduits.

A membrane separation pretreatment apparatus including a membrane separation unit and a first underwater plasma discharge unit disposed in front of the membrane separation unit is provided. The membrane separation pretreatment apparatus includes a membrane separation unit configured to remove particulate matter contained in raw water, and a first underwater plasma discharge unit disposed in front of the membrane separation unit and configured to cause a portion of the raw water to be introduced into the membrane separation unit to perform underwater plasma discharging.

There is provided a system and method for angstrom confinement of trapped ions. The method including: receiving water molecules and ionic compounds in a first reservoir, an angstrom confinement assembly is positioned between the first reservoir and a second reservoir, the angstrom confinement assembly defining angstrom conduits; and repeatedly applying an electric field across a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode on a same side of the angstrom confinement assembly as the first reservoir and the second electrode on a same side of the angstrom confinement assembly as the second reservoir, the electric field applied such that, when the electric field is applied, positive ions of the ionic compounds are induced to flow through the angstrom conduits, and wherein, when the electric field is not applied, water molecules flow into the angstrom conduits due to capillary forces to confine the positive ions in the angstrom conduits.

A method for efficiently treating boron from water to be treated, an apparatus for producing pure water, and a method for producing pure water. An apparatus for removing boron includes a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus to which is supplied water to be treated, a pH adjustment apparatus to adjust a pH of permeated water from the low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus to 5.0 to 9.0, a high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus to which is supplied the water adjusted by the pH adjustment apparatus, and an electrodeionization to which is supplied permeated water from the high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane apparatus.

A purification device is provided. The purification device includes: an injection channel having an inlet provided on one end thereof; a purification channel and a discharge channel which branch off from the other end of the injection channel via a mesh part, and the remaining substance to be purified is discharged through the discharge channel; an ion-selective membrane contacting at least one side of the mesh part; and a buffer part arranged on the other side of the ion-selective membrane which is in contact with the mesh part, wherein the mesh part has an ion-selective coating layer formed on the surface thereof, and when an electric field is applied, an ion concentration polarization phenomenon occurs to the other end of the injection channel and to the adjacent portion of the mesh part, whereby an ion depletion zone is formed.

A device for delivering an ionic material includes a storage module including a reservoir configured to store the ionic material, a bipolar membrane configured to pass the ionic material in a single direction based on an ionic current, electrodes, disposed on a lower end of the reservoir and an upper end of the bipolar membrane, respectively, configured to form an electric field generating the ionic current, and a control module configured to control either one or both of a release amount and a release period of the ionic material passing through the bipolar membrane by adjusting a direction and an intensity of the electric field.