Systems and methods using: a membrane unit to treat fluids recovered from an oil and gas well are provided. The membrane unit may include a membrane having a porous substrate at. least partially coated with graphene oxide, making the membrane hydrophilic. The membrane separates water from other components within a fluid stream. The membrane unit may include an inlet to receive a fluid stream into the membrane unit. The fluid stream may be pretreated prior to reaching the membrane unit The membrane unit may also include a first outlet in fluid communication with one side of the membrane and a second outlet in fluid communication with the opposite side of the membrane.

A water purification system and method embodying a submerged conduit with a semipermeable surface, thereby leveraging water pressure to cost-effectively and energy-efficiently purify the water that permeates the semipermeable surface. A intake conduit may provide the semipermeable surface, wherein the system contemplates rotating the intake conduit so that as it rotates it engages brushes or blades that clear the semipermeable surface of obstructions.

A flow-electrode cartridge unit and a submerged flow-electrode capacitive deionization device using the same are proposed. The flow-electrode cartridge unit includes a pair of porous current collector plates arranged to face each other in a spaced apart state from each other in a first direction, a pair of ion separation membranes positioned on respective outer surfaces of the porous current collector plates in the first direction, a channel frame for wrapping around the pair of porous current collector plates and the pair of ion separation membranes to expose each of the ion separation membranes in the first direction, thereby forming a flow electrode channel between the pair of porous current collector plates, a pair of communication holes formed in the channel frame and communicating the flow electrode channel to an outside, and an electrode terminal formed in the channel frame and electrically connected to the porous current collector plates.

A water treatment device using a hollow fiber membrane module is provided, including: a water container filled with raw water; a hollow fiber membrane module installed in the water container and provided with hollow fiber membranes therein to perform water treatment by a water pressure difference; and a raw water supplying part positioned on the water container, and configured to supply the raw water into the water container through the hollow fiber membrane module, in which the hollow fiber membrane module causes the raw water supplied from the raw water supplying part collide with the hollow fiber membrane to move the hollow fiber membrane, so that it is possible to minimize contamination of the hollow fiber membrane, minimize use of energy using electricity, and wash the hollow fiber membrane by a physical method.

A dynamic filtration system and method for solid-fluid separation to eliminate or substantially reduce media blinding includes: a fluid inlet through which to receive an inlet flow of fluid to be filtered; a filter membrane; a rotatable mechanical barrier, disposed within an outer shell, to contain the filter membrane and through which to receive and filter the inlet flow of the fluid, the rotatable mechanical barrier configured to rotate dynamically along an axis, to create a high shear flow, thereby to prevent an accumulation of solids on the filter membrane, and whereby a resultant centrifugal force propels any solids and slurry onto the outer shell to be continuously removed from the dynamic filter system; a fluid outlet through which to disperse a filtered fluid; and a solids and slurry outlet through which to disperse solids and slurry collected in filtration when propelled to the outer shell of the mechanical barrier.

An apparatus for reducing the total dissolved solids of a solution includes a unit having at least two chambers; a respective semi-permeable membrane arrangement disposed between each of the at least two chambers; a device for introducing respective solutions into, and withdrawing solutions from, the chambers; and at least one paddle disposed in each of said chambers. The paddles are configured to sweep opposite sides of each of the semi-permeable membrane arrangements. A device provides relative movement between the paddles and the semi-permeable arrangements.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a device and method for the filtration of gray water from a household. In some embodiments, the gray water can be filtered using a conical rotor and filtration media, which can provide enhanced filtration through the use of Taylor vorticity filtration. The filtered water can have various uses back in the household after filtration.

A fluid filter and method for filtering fluid feed using the fluid filter is described. The fluid filter comprises an upper disk plate having a first compartment spaced apart and placed parallel to a lower disk plate having a second compartment. The feed fluid enters the first compartment in a first vortex pattern in a first direction at a first temperature, and a permeate fluid enters the second compartment in a second vortex pattern in a second direction opposite the first direction at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is lower than the first temperature. A hydrophobic, vapor permeable membrane positioned between the upper disk plate and the lower disk plate allows vapor to pass from the first compartment to the second compartment having the permeate fluid, thus filtering the feed fluid.

A water purification system and method embodying a submerged conduit with a semipermeable surface, thereby leveraging water pressure to cost-effectively and energy-efficiently purify the water that permeates the semipermeable surface. A intake conduit may provide the semipermeable surface, wherein the system contemplates rotating the intake conduit so that as it rotates it engages brushes or blades that clear the semipermeable surface of obstructions.

Systems and methods for using a filtration medium coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte to treat slop water recovered. In some embodiments, the systems include: a treatment unit including an inlet for receiving a slop water stream into the treatment unit, a first filtration medium including a porous substrate at least partially coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte, wherein the first filtration medium is disposed to separate a first portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit from a second portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit, wherein the first portion of the slop water stream includes water, a first outlet on a first side of the first filtration medium, and a second outlet on a second side of the first filtration medium opposite the first side.