The present disclosure provides an automatic separation apparatus for four fractions of heavy oil and a separation method thereof, wherein the apparatus includes a solvent reservoir tank (1), a separation unit for four fractions of heavy oil (100) and a receiving apparatus (9). The separation unit for four fractions of heavy oil (100) includes: a filter disc (4) having one end in communication with the solvent reservoir tank (1), and the other end in communication with an inlet of a pre-column flow path switching valve (5); a chromatographic column (6) having an inlet in communication with an outlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve (5), and an outlet in communication with an inlet of a post-column flow path switching valve (8). The receiving apparatus is in communication with an outlet of the post-column flow path switching valve (8).

This document describes systems and methods for treating and recovering water from feed solutions using a multilayer module with an expansion chamber. The multilayer module comprises a feed spacer layer, a permeate spacer layer and a membrane layer, wherein water vapor evaporated from the feed solution in the feed spacer passes through the membrane layer into the permeate spacer layer. The expansion chamber receives the water vapor from the permeate spacer layer and the feed solution from the feed spacer layer.

The present invention relates to an air purifier (1) comprising a body (2) having an air inlet (I) through which the air in the environment is sucked and a clean air outlet (O) through which the cleaned air is released to the environment; a CO.sub.2 adsorption unit (3) which is provided on the body (2), which can be filled with basic liquid solution and which provides the adsorption of the carbon dioxide in the air; and an air duct (4) which provides the delivery of the air taken from the body (2) to the CO.sub.2 adsorption unit (3).

This application relates to a system of treating wastewater wherein an oxygen infusion system is used to supersaturate wastewater before aerobic biological processes, wherein oxygen is transferred to the wastewater free of oxygen bubbles and achieves a reduction in power demand for the aeration process of wastewater.

The invention relates to a mechanically stable ultrafiltration membrane and to a method for producing such an ultrafiltration membrane.

An in vitro release testing (IVRT) device for orally inhaled drug products, for use in an IVRT apparatus, the device having an air-permeable filter loaded with particulate material representing a dose of an orally inhaled drug product. The device has an upper filter support element and a lower filter support element, the loaded filter being circumferentially retained between the upper and lower support elements, a filter cover to cover the upper surface of the loaded filter, and a filter cover retainer provided to assemble and seal the IVRT device.

There is provided a multi-layered membrane comprising a top layer, a bottom layer, and a spacer layer; wherein said spacer layer is interposed between said top layer and said bottom layer; wherein said top layer, said bottom layer and said spacer layer are each independently composed of one or more selective layers, each selective layer comprising a 2D material; wherein said spacer layer comprises at least one channel for receiving a fluid; wherein said bottom layer comprises a hole with an area in the range of 1 μm.sup.2 to 1 mm.sup.2; and wherein said hole is capable of being in fluid communication with said at least one channels of said spacer layer.

There is also provided a method to synthesize the top layer of a multi-layered membrane as disclosed herein, methods for separating a plurality of ions or molecules in a fluid stream, a device comprising a multi-layered membrane as disclosed herein, and use of the method or the device as disclosed herein in osmotic power generation.

The present invention relates to a separation membrane including a thermoplastic polymer selected from a cellulose ester and a polyamide, in which, when regions obtained by dividing a cross-sectional surface perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the separation membrane into 5 at an equal interval are defined as regions 1 to 5, all the regions 1 to 5 have a number average pore diameter changing rate a of −0.25 to 0.25, and at least one of the regions 1 to 5 is a region P that satisfies conditions (a) and (b): (a) a value of area average pore diameter D.sub.s/number average pore diameter D.sub.n is 2.50 to 6.00; and (b) a number average W of fine pores that are located at a distance smaller than L.sub.a from a center of respective coarse pores is 10 to 30.

The present invention relates to a lipophilic and hydrophobic nanofiber membrane and a method of preparing the same. The lipophilic and hydrophobic nanofiber membrane according to an exemplary embodiment may be compressed at a pressure of 10 kPa to 100 kPa and may have an average thickness of 10 μm to 1,500 μm.

The problem of the present invention is to provide a novel polytetrafluoroethylene porous film having a small pore diameter, small film thickness, high porosity, and high strength, and a production method thereof.

The present invention provides a polytetrafluoroethylene porous film, wherein a bubble point in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) according to JIS K3832 is not less than 400 kPa, and a tensile strength based on JIS K6251 is not less than 50 MPa.