A gaseous hydrogen storage and distribution system with a cryogenic supply and a method for the cryogenic conversion of liquid hydrogen into high-pressure gaseous hydrogen are provided. The gaseous hydrogen storage and distribution system includes pressuring liquid hydrogen from a cryogenic tank using a low pressure liquid pump before vaporization within a relatively small vaporizer. The resulting high pressure gaseous hydrogen is transferred to a plurality of storage tanks at ambient temperature according to a desired fill sequence. The high pressure hydrogen gas is subsequently distributed from the storage tanks through a hydrogen fueling dispenser according to a desired dispensing sequence. The present system and method provide improvements in operational safety, eliminates the use of high pressure gas compressor, and minimizes boiling off and ventilation losses at a reduced cost when compared to existing thermal compression storage systems.

A system for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor for producing pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis feedstock to be pyrolyzed. An eductor condenser unit in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor is used to condense pyrolysis gases. The eductor condenser unit has an eductor assembly having an eductor body that defines a first flow path with a venturi restriction disposed therein for receiving a pressurized coolant fluid and a second flow path for receiving pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis reactor The second flow path intersects the first flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid. The eductor body has a discharge to allow the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases to be discharged together from the eductor. A mixing chamber in fluid communication with the discharge of the eductor to facilitates mixing of the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases, wherein at least a portion of the pyrolysis gases are condensed within the mixing chamber.

A plant for concentrating a tartaric acid solution includes a first and a second evaporation unit arranged in series, a pump for feeding a diluted tartaric acid solution into the first evaporation unit, a barometric condenser placed downstream of the second evaporation unit, and a system for feeding a first low-temperature vapor into the first evaporation unit. A process for concentrating tartaric acid includes providing a plant according to the above description, performing a first concentration, by evaporation, of the diluted tartaric acid solution, inside the first evaporation unit, and performing a second concentration, by evaporation, of the partially concentrated tartaric acid solution from the first evaporation unit, inside the second evaporation unit. The plant and process for concentrating tartaric acid have the advantages of ensuring low energy consumption, allowing concentration of solutions tending to crystallization, and allowing the continuous measurement of the tartaric acid concentration to be concentrated.

One or more novel processes for producing hydrogen, oxygen, and in some cases, distilled and cleaned water from a contaminated effluent, are disclosed. In one example of utilizing this novel process, the water from contaminated effluent is transferred into a draw solution using an entrochemical system through a vapor-mediated membrane-free forward osmosis process. The process is enabled by the generation of a wet vacuum in one or more entrochemical cells incorporated into the entrochemical system. This process generates a diluted draw solution that can be utilized as an abundant water feedstock in an electrolyzer for electrolysis, which in turn generates hydrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, an entrochemical distiller may also be utilized to distill a portion of the contaminated effluent for clean water as a result of thermal transfers during the vapor-mediated membrane-free forward osmosis process.

A system for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor for producing pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis feedstock to be pyrolyzed. An eductor condenser unit in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor is used to condense pyrolysis gases. The eductor condenser unit has an eductor assembly having an eductor body that defines a first flow path with a venturi restriction disposed therein for receiving a pressurized coolant fluid and a second flow path for receiving pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis reactor. The second flow path intersects the first flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid. The eductor body has a discharge to allow the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases to be discharged together from the eductor. A mixing chamber in fluid communication with the discharge of the eductor to facilitates mixing of the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases, wherein at least a portion of the pyrolysis gases are condensed within the mixing chamber.

A plant for concentrating a tartaric acid solution includes a first and a second evaporation unit arranged in series, a pump for feeding a diluted tartaric acid solution into the first evaporation unit, a barometric condenser placed downstream of the second evaporation unit, and a system for feeding a first low-temperature vapor into the first evaporation unit. A process for concentrating tartaric acid includes providing a plant according to the above description, performing a first concentration, by evaporation, of the diluted tartaric acid solution, inside the first evaporation unit, and performing a second concentration, by evaporation, of the partially concentrated tartaric acid solution from the first evaporation unit, inside the second evaporation unit. The plant and process have the advantages of ensuring low energy consumption, allowing concentration of solutions tending to crystallization, and allowing the continuous measurement of the tartaric acid concentration to be concentrated.

Techniques are described herein for using a high-pressure reactor to separate clean water from dirty water without filtration and to extract and concentrate contaminants from dirty water for use as a fuel. In particular, techniques and systems are described for separating water from hydrocarbon contaminates, other BTU-laden compounds, and dissolved minerals, while also boiling water and condensing the resulting steam into distilled water. In addition, system in which the described techniques are performed can be used as a high-pressure pump for moving the separated hydrocarbon contaminates forward into other processes, such as a high-pressure reactor or incinerator.

A gaseous hydrogen storage and distribution system with a cryogenic supply and a method for the cryogenic conversion of liquid hydrogen into high-pressure gaseous hydrogen are provided. The gaseous hydrogen storage and distribution system includes pressuring liquid hydrogen from a cryogenic tank using a low pressure liquid pump before vaporization within a relatively small vaporizer. The resulting high pressure gaseous hydrogen is transferred to a plurality of storage tanks at ambient temperature according to a desired fill sequence. The high pressure hydrogen gas is subsequently distributed from the storage tanks through a hydrogen fueling dispenser according to a desired dispensing sequence. The present system and method provide improvements in operational safety, eliminates the use of high pressure gas compressor, and minimizes boiling off and ventilation losses at a reduced cost when compared to existing thermal compression storage systems.

Provided herein are systems, devices and methods for generating water from atmospheric air, making use of a molecular selective processing unit and a vapor exchange unit to efficiently generate pure water from water vapors, selectively separated from air.

One or more novel processes for producing hydrogen, oxygen, and in some cases, distilled and cleaned water from a contaminated effluent, are disclosed. In one example of utilizing this novel process, the water from contaminated effluent is transferred into a draw solution using an entrochemical system through a vapor-mediated membrane-free forward osmosis process. The process is enabled by the generation of a wet vacuum in one or more entrochemical cells incorporated into the entrochemical system. This process generates a diluted draw solution that can be utilized as an abundant water feedstock in an electrolyzer for electrolysis, which in turn generates hydrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, an entrochemical distiller may also be utilized to distill a portion of the contaminated effluent for clean water as a result of thermal transfers during the vapor-mediated membrane-free forward osmosis process.