A process for treating effluent streams in a naphtha complex is described. One or more of the sour water stripping unit for the NHT sour water from the NHT, the amine treatment unit and the caustic treatment unit for the NHT stripper off-gas, the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the off-gas from the C.sub.5-C.sub.6 isomerization zone and the C.sub.4 isomerization zone, and the caustic scrubber unit or other chloride treatment unit for the regenerator off-gas are replaced with a thermal oxidation system.

A process for treating effluent streams in a renewable transportation fuel production process is described. One or more of the sour water stream and an acid gas stream are treated directly in thermal oxidation section. The process allows the elimination or size reduction of a sour water stripper unit, waste water treatment plant, and sulfur recovery unit.

Integrated plants and associated processes for producing ammonia and sulfuric acid have been developed comprising air separation and water electrolysis subsystems and which make surprisingly efficient use of the products from these subsystems (i.e. oxygen and nitrogen from the former and hydrogen and oxygen from the latter). The invention is particularly suitable for use as part of an integrated fertilizer production plant.

A system for sulphur removal from a flue gas. The system includes an absorber, a reaction tank and a buffer tank. The buffer tank is connected to the reaction tank by a communicating vessel passage.

A method for capturing carbon dioxide includes contacting a carbon dioxide lean gas mixture with water. One or more acid gas impurities may pass from the carbon dioxide lean gas mixture to the water to form a gas mixture and an aqueous effluent. The gas mixture is passed to a pressure swing adsorption system or a temperature swing adsorption system to increase a concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture to form a carbon dioxide enriched gas mixture. The carbon dioxide enriched gas mixture is contacted with the aqueous effluent in a carbon dioxide scrubber. Carbon dioxide passes from the carbon dioxide enriched gas mixture to the aqueous effluent to form a stripped gas and acid gas enriched water. The acid gas enriched water is passed to a reactive rock formation. The one or more acid gas impurities and carbon dioxide are mineralized and permanently sequestered.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

A desulfurization wastewater zero discharge treatment method and system suitable for multiple working conditions. A tail flue of a boiler and a bottom outlet of a wastewater drying tower are both communicated with an inlet of a dust collector; an outlet of the dust collector is communicated with flue gas inlets of a wastewater concentration tower and a desulfurization absorption tower; the wastewater concentration tower is communicated with the desulfurization absorption tower; the desulfurization absorption tower is communicated with a chimney; the desulfurization absorption tower is communicated with a gypsum cyclone; the gypsum cyclone is communicated with a filtrate water tank; the gypsum cyclone is communicated with a gypsum dewatering machine; the gypsum dewatering machine is communicated with a gas liquid separating tank; and a flue gas port of the tail flue of the boiler is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the wastewater drying tower.

A process plant and a process for production of sulfur from a feedstock gas including from 15% to 100 vol % H.sub.2S and a stream of sulfuric acid, the process including a) providing a Claus reaction furnace feed stream with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen, b) directing to a Claus reaction furnace operating at elevated temperature, c) cooling to provide a cooled Claus converter feed gas, d) directing to contact a material catalytically active in the Claus reaction, e) withdrawing a Claus tail gas and elementary sulfur, f) directing a stream comprising said Claus tail gas to a Claus tail gas treatment, wherein sulfuric acid directed to said Claus reaction furnace is in the form of droplets with 90% of the mass of the droplets having a diameter below 500 μm, with the associated benefit of such a process efficiently converting all liquid H.sub.2SO.sub.4 to gaseous H.sub.2SO.sub.4 and further to SO.sub.2.

Apparatus and methods for desulfurization and decarbonization of a process gas containing sulfur oxides and CO.sub.2. Ammonia may be used as a desulfurizing and decarbonizing agent. The gas may enter a desulfurization apparatus for desulfurization, and to produce an ammonium sulfate fertilizer. The desulfurized gas may enter a decarbonization apparatus to remove carbon dioxide in the gas, and to produce an ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer. The decarbonized gas may contain free ammonia. The decarbonized gas may be washed with a desulfurization circulating fluid and then with water. The washing fluid may be returned to the desulfurization apparatus for use as an absorbing agent for desulfurization. Acidic desulfurization circulating fluid may be used to wash ammonia, thereby achieving a high ammonia washing efficiency, and a low ammonia slip during the decarbonization process.

Methods and systems for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including producing a waste gas stream comprising form greater than 0 vol % to less than 20 vol %, inclusive, carbon dioxide, pre-concentrating the waste gas stream to increase a concentration of carbon dioxide, producing a concentrated byproduct stream comprising more than 40 vol %, dissolving carbon dioxide contained in the concentrated byproduct stream in water, producing a dissolved byproduct stream and an undissolved byproduct stream, injecting the dissolved byproduct stream or a portion thereof into a reservoir containing mafic rock, and allowing components of the dissolved byproduct stream to react in situ with components of the mafic rock to precipitate and store components of the byproduct stream in the reservoir.