Disclosed herein are nanoporous membranes for separating a target substance from a non-target substance in a fluid medium and methods of making and use thereof. The nanoporous membranes comprise a 2D material permeated by a first and second population of pores; wherein the average pore diameter of the first population of pores is greater than or equal to the van der Waals diameter of water and less than the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium; wherein the average pore diameter of the second population of pores is greater than or equal to the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium; and wherein substantially all of the second population of pores are substantially blocked by a polymer via size-selective interfacial polymerization; such that the nanoporous membrane allows for transport of the target substance through the nanoporous membrane via the first population of pores.

A planar membrane cartridge includes a support and a semi-permeable membrane layer. The support includes a first layer attached to a second layer and defining a front face and a back face of the support. At least one of the first layer and the second layer form a first embossment and a second embossment. Respective back faces of the first layer and the second layer are attached to each other along edges of the first embossment and of the second embossment, such that the first embossment defines a fluid compartment between the first layer and the second layer and the second embossment defines an internal channel between the first layer and the second layer which is isolated from the fluid compartment. An area of the first layer corresponding to the first embossment is covered by the semi-permeable membrane layer.

According to the present invention, there are provided a chamber for transplantation which has a high durability, and in which an enclosed biological constituent can be maintained for a long period of time because an interior space thereof is efficiently secured; and a method for manufacturing the chamber for transplantation. The chamber for transplantation includes one or more membranes for immunoisolation at a boundary between an inside and an outside of the chamber for transplantation, in which all of the membranes for immunoisolation include a porous membrane containing a polymer, and a joint portion at which the porous membranes are directly fusion welded to each other is provided. The method for manufacturing a chamber for transplantation includes preparing one or more porous membranes containing a polymer selected from polysulfone and polyethersulfone, bringing one part of the porous membrane into direct contact with another part of the porous membrane, and performing a heat fusion welding of the two parts that are in direct contact with each other at a temperature which is a glass transition temperature of the polymer or higher and lower than a melting point of the polymer.

A device which includes a pulse dampener and a degasser or de-bubbler. The device includes a fluid flow path and a fluid chamber located within the device. In addition, the device includes a pulse dampening membrane for dampening pulses in the fluid as it flows through the device. The device also includes a degassing membrane for degassing the fluid as it flows through the device, and/or a de-bubbling membrane for removing gas bubbles from the fluid as it flows through the device. The degassing or de-bubbling membrane can be separate and distinct from the dampening membrane. The de-bubbling membrane can be in addition to or in place of the degassing membrane in some embodiments.

A device which includes a pulse dampener and a degasser or de-bubbler. The device includes a fluid flow path and a fluid chamber located within the device. In addition, the device includes a pulse dampening membrane for dampening pulses in the fluid as it flows through the device. The device also includes a degassing membrane for degassing the fluid as it flows through the device, and/or a de-bubbling membrane for removing gas bubbles from the fluid as it flows through the device. The degassing or de-bubbling membrane can be separate and distinct from the dampening membrane. The de-bubbling membrane can be in addition to or in place of the degassing membrane in some embodiments.

A membrane element having a filtration main body, a header (a water collection portion) that collects treated water from an end portion of the filtration main body and a treated water lead-out portion that leads out the treated water is used. The treated water lead-out portion is connected to a tubular peripheral wall of a water collection pipe that collects treated water solid-liquid-separated by the membrane element, and communicates with an inside of the tubular peripheral wall. The tubular peripheral wall has a thick portion that is thicker in a horizontal direction at an upper-side peripheral wall portion located at an upper side (or at a lower-side peripheral wall portion located at a lower side) in the radial direction of the tubular peripheral wall, and a connecting hole that penetrates the thick portion.

The present disclosure provides an automatic separation apparatus for four fractions of heavy oil and a separation method thereof, wherein the apparatus includes a solvent reservoir tank (1), a separation unit for four fractions of heavy oil (100) and a receiving apparatus (9). The separation unit for four fractions of heavy oil (100) includes: a filter disc (4) having one end in communication with the solvent reservoir tank (1), and the other end in communication with an inlet of a pre-column flow path switching valve (5); a chromatographic column (6) having an inlet in communication with an outlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve (5), and an outlet in communication with an inlet of a post-column flow path switching valve (8). The receiving apparatus is in communication with an outlet of the post-column flow path switching valve (8).

The present disclosure provides an automatic separation apparatus for four fractions of heavy oil and a separation method thereof, wherein the apparatus includes a solvent reservoir tank (1), a separation unit for four fractions of heavy oil (100) and a receiving apparatus (9). The separation unit for four fractions of heavy oil (100) includes: a filter disc (4) having one end in communication with the solvent reservoir tank (1), and the other end in communication with an inlet of a pre-column flow path switching valve (5); a chromatographic column (6) having an inlet in communication with an outlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve (5), and an outlet in communication with an inlet of a post-column flow path switching valve (8). The receiving apparatus is in communication with an outlet of the post-column flow path switching valve (8).

This document describes systems and methods for treating and recovering water from feed solutions using a multilayer module with an expansion chamber. The multilayer module comprises a feed spacer layer, a permeate spacer layer and a membrane layer, wherein water vapor evaporated from the feed solution in the feed spacer passes through the membrane layer into the permeate spacer layer. The expansion chamber receives the water vapor from the permeate spacer layer and the feed solution from the feed spacer layer.

The present invention relates to modification to permeate channels and permeate materials in a cross-flow filtration system to improve performance in counter current filtration having both retentate channels and permeate channels wherein a solution is pumped through one of the channels and drawn through a membrane to one of the other channels to assist in positive pressure driven filtration by using the osmotic pressure, concentration, or preferential solubility difference between the retentate and permeate flow streams thereby increasing or altering the flux through the membrane separating the flow streams.