A crystalline pigment or colorant composition having high color intensity and/or low sugar content, and methods and processes of preparation. The composition may comprise purified fruit and/or vegetable color juices.

Methods and systems for production of lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate are described. One or more embodiments of the method include producing lithium hydroxide from potassium chloride, lithium chloride, and water. One or more embodiments of the method include producing lithium carbonate from potassium chloride, lithium chloride, water, and a carbon dioxide source. One or more embodiments of the method include producing lithium carbonate from sodium chloride, lithium chloride, water, and a carbon dioxide source.

The invention is about a stabilized electromagnetic base liquid, as well as its preparation method and its application in the high-salt wastewater treatment. The raw material components of the electromagnetic base fluid include: 20-30 parts of alkali metal hydroxides(e.g., as sodium hydroxide); 20-30 parts of non-alkali metal (e.g., as silicon or phosphorus); 2-6 parts of ammonia; 31-140 parts of water; after treatment with a direct electrical current the parameters of the stabilized electromagnetic base liquid are: pH value: 12 to 14; oxidation reduction potential value: −1.0 to −1.8 v; with no corrosivity, confirming the presence of stabilized hydrated electrons (e.sub.aq−−). With the stabilized electromagnetic base liquid, the storage problem of the electromagnetic base liquid is solved, and the large-scale application in the industrial field can be realized, thereby achieving a large-scale high-salt wastewater treatment process with low cost, high recovery rate.

A process for removing lactic acid from an aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution, the weight ratio of magnesium chloride to lactic acid in the aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution being at least 1:1, the process including the steps of subjecting the aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution to an evaporation step, resulting in the formation of a slurry of MgC12.MgL2.4H2O in an aqueous magnesium chloride solution, then subjecting the slurry to a solid-liquid separation step, to separate the solid MgC12.MgL2.4H2O from the aqueous magnesium chloride solution, resulting in the removal of lactic acid from the aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution in the form of MgC12.MgL2.4H2O. The process makes it possible to efficiently remove lactic acid from aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solutions, resulting in magnesium chloride solutions with a low lactic acid content which can be further processed as desired.

The invention provides a process for the production of crystalline ammonium sulfate, wherein the process comprises performing a Beckmann rearrangement reaction, neutralizing the Beckmann rearrangement reaction mixture, separating a first aqueous ammonium sulfate phase and an aqueous ε-caprolactam phase, charging the first ammonium sulfate phase to a first evaporative type crystallization section wherein crystalline ammonium sulfate is obtained, discharging from the first evaporative type crystallization section mother liquor enriched in organic components, extracting the aqueous ε-caprolactam phase to obtain an extracted ε-caprolactam phase and a second aqueous ammonium sulfate phase, discharging the mother liquor that is discharged from the first evaporative type crystallization section and/or the second aqueous ammonium sulfate phase to a second evaporative type crystallization section wherein evaporative type crystallization is performed so that a three-phase system occurs. At least a liquid oily phase is recovered from the three-phase system. The invention further provides a plant suitable to carry out the process of the invention, crystalline ammonium sulfate and a liquid oily phase obtained by the process of the invention.

Equipment and procedure for extraction of solids from contaminated fluids whose basic purpose is to obtain the crystallised solids from the contaminated fluids, without any type of rejection in order to valorize them and to obtain purified water in a single stage, all in a continuous adiabatic/sonic process with evaporation/crystallisation and with low energy consumption and where the procedure is characterised by being constituted basically by at least three circuits fully interconnected as a single piece of equipment where the first circuit, the principal circuit, is constituted by an inlet duct of the contaminated fluid to be treated (1) followed by a pre-filter (2) followed by a filter for fine particles (3), a heat exchanger of preheated contaminated fluid (5) in the heat exchanger (4), followed by a fluid feedback pump (6) to a nozzle formed by an injector (7) and an ejector (8), which introduce the fluid to an evaporation chamber (9), where the steam that exits is introduced into a closed-loop electromagnetic servomechanism (26), an saturated steam ejector outlet (32), driven to the heat exchanger (4), outlet (13) as purified water from the saturated steam (22).

Techniques according to the present disclosure include capturing carbon dioxide from a dilute gas source with a CO.sub.2 capture solution to form a carbonate-rich capture solution; separating at least a portion of carbonate from the carbonate-rich capture solution; forming an electrodialysis (ED) feed solution; flowing a water stream and the ED feed solution to a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED) unit; applying an electric potential to the BPMED unit to form at least two ED product streams including a first ED product stream including a hydroxide; and flowing the first ED product stream to use in the capturing the carbon dioxide from the dilute gas source with the CO.sub.2 capture solution.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide alkali metal salt powder having high purity while suppressing reduction in yield due to thermal decomposition, etc. The method for producing a bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide alkali metal salt powder according to the present invention comprises precipitating a bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide alkali metal salt by conducting distillation using a thin-film evaporator while adding a poor solvent for the bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide alkali metal salt such as an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent to a solution formed by dissolving the bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide alkali metal salt in a good solvent for the bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide alkali metal salt such as an ester solvent and nitrile solvent.

Methods and systems for production of lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate are described. One or more embodiments of the method include producing lithium hydroxide from potassium chloride, lithium chloride, and water. One or more embodiments of the method include producing lithium carbonate from potassium chloride, lithium chloride, water, and a carbon dioxide source. One or more embodiments of the method include producing lithium carbonate from sodium chloride, lithium chloride, water, and a carbon dioxide source.

The present invention relates to a method of producing and purifying a high-purity anhydrosugar alcohol in high yield by a simple process and apparatus, the method includes the steps of: allowing a sugar alcohol to react in the presence of an acid catalyst in a reactor, and, at the same time, evaporating a product of the reaction; cooling the evaporated product to remove water and obtain a crude anhydrosugar alcohol; and introducing the crude anhydrosugar alcohol into a melt crystallization process to obtain a high-purity anhydrosugar alcohol.