An exhaust aftertreatment system for use with over-the-road vehicle is disclosed. The exhaust aftertreatment system includes a reducing agent mixer with a mixing can and a flash-boil doser configured to inject heated and pressurized reducing agent into the mixing can for distribution throughout exhaust gases passed through the mixing can.

The present invention is a liquid material vaporizing device that heats a liquid material supplying pipe without providing a heating mechanism, the liquid material vaporizing device including: a gas-liquid mixer unit configured to mix a liquid material and a gas to generate a gas-liquid mixture; a liquid material supplying pipe configured to supply the liquid material to the gas-liquid mixer unit; a vaporizer unit configured to heat the gas-liquid mixture to vaporize the liquid material; and a casing configured to house the gas-liquid mixer unit, the vaporizer unit, and the liquid material supplying pipe, in which a channel configured to guide convection of heat from the vaporizer unit to the liquid material supplying pipe is provided inside the casing.

A venturi-style vehicle washing system and method of washing a vehicle. The washing system and method produces large droplets of a liquid-gas mixture for washing a vehicle by mixing an energetic flow of gas carried at a first velocity through a gas conduit, with a liquid carried at a second velocity through a liquid conduit. A mixture conduit may carry the liquid-gas mixture to a vena contracta structure where: a jet forms, pressure drops, and velocity increases. The gas leaving the structure may expand to fill an outlet duct, creating turbulent vortexes in the liquid-gas mixture that transforms flowage kinetic energy to heat energy, which decreases pressure through the outlet duct. This results in increasing velocity of the liquid-gas mixture discharged onto the vehicle. The outlet duct operationally attaches to a spray arch that is sized to enable passage of a vehicle for washing with the liquid-gas mixture.

A vehicle exhaust system includes a mixer assembly for a vehicle exhaust system. The mixer assembly includes a mixer housing that defines an internal cavity and which includes at least one injection opening. A manifold is positioned within the internal cavity at the injection opening. A primary injector is configured to inject fluid through the injection opening and into the internal cavity, and at least one secondary injector, which is separate from the primary injector, is configured to inject fluid into the internal cavity when operating temperatures fall below a predetermined level.

An aromatic misting system for use with a bathtub comprises a reservoir having an open top end in which a removable cover structure is disposed. The cover structure has an orifice through which an aromatic mist is discharged. A liquid atomizing piezoelectric element is sealingly secured at a bottom end of the reservoir. The cover structure has a switch actuator when disposed at one position. When the cover is positioned at a second closed position, the reservoir is closed and the switch is not actuated. When there is hot water in the bathtub, the aromatic mist created in the reservoir is drawn out by the hot air generated by hot water placed in the bathtub adjacent the cover orifice, thus creating a temperature differential between the hot air and the cooler mist generated in the reservoir wherein the mist is drawn out by the temperature differential and propagates into a misty cloud over the bathtub.

An exhaust aftertreatment system for use with over-the-road vehicle is disclosed. The exhaust aftertreatment system includes a reducing agent mixer with a mixing can and a flash-boil doser configured to inject heated and pressurized reducing agent into the mixing can for distribution throughout exhaust gases passed through the mixing can.

A generating method for generating a UFB at a desired component ratio, and a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method for a liquid containing a UFB at a desired component ratio are provided. To this end, a mixed solution in which multiple types of gases are dissolved at a predetermined ratio is generated, and a UFB is generated by heating the mixed solution with a heating element.

An air purifying apparatus includes a humidity controller and an intake cooling separator including one or more shafts and an outer wall. The intake cooling separator generates airflow to obtain the humidity-controlled air. The intake cooling separator swirls the obtained air around a first shaft included in the one or more shafts, thereby generating a pressure difference between air included in the obtained air and around the first shaft and air included in the obtained air and around the outer wall, and the pressure difference cools at least a part of the obtained air, and the pressure difference cools at least a part of the obtained air. The intake cooling separator performs centrifugal separation of water droplets generated from the cooled air. The one or more shafts are rotated to generate the airflow, to cause the swirl, and to perform the centrifugal separation.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system is provided, including a first compartment containing a nicotine source and having a first air inlet and first air outlet, the inlet being upstream of the outlet; a second compartment containing an acid source and having a second air inlet and second air outlet, the inlet being upstream of the outlet; a mixing chamber for mixing nicotine from the nicotine source and acid from the acid source with an air flow to form an aerosol, the mixing chamber being downstream of both the first air outlet and the second air outlet; and a heating element configured to heat the mixing chamber, at least a portion of the heating element being neither upstream nor downstream of the mixing chamber. An aerosol-generating system and a method for aerosol generation in an aerosol-generating system are also provided.

An exhaust aftertreatment system for use with an over-the-road vehicle is disclosed. The exhaust aftertreatment system includes a flash-boil doser mounted to an exhaust conduit and a catalyst coupled to the exhaust conduit. The flash-boil doser configured to inject heated and pressurized reducing agent into an exhaust passageway defined by the exhaust conduit for distribution throughout exhaust gases passed through the exhaust conduit. The catalyst configured to react the reducing agent with the nitrous oxide in the flow of exhaust gases to provide treated exhaust gases with a reduced nitrous oxide amount.