Systems and methods for dissolving ozone gas in a liquid. An embodiment can comprise a tank having an upper region, a lower region, and a discharge outlet, all disposed in a specified geometry. A pump can be coupled with a liquid inlet in order to receive a liquid therefrom and to deliver the liquid via a pipe to the upper region of the tank. The pump can be coupled with the lower region of the tank in order to receive the liquid from the tank and to recirculate the liquid to the upper region of the tank. The apparatus can include an ozone inlet to receive ozone into the tank. The ozone inlet can comprise a venturi inlet disposed on the pipe downstream of the pump. The liquid can be released from the tank and depressurized, thereby providing for the ozone to emerge from the liquid as gas bubbles. The released liquid can be selected for a two-stage gas and aqueous cleaning process.

A micro-bubble generator is provided between an input end and an output end of a water outlet device. The micro-bubble generator includes a water inlet member and a water outlet member. A gas inlet gap is remained between the water inlet member and the water outlet member, with the gas inlet gap being communicated to external air, such that the external air is allowed to enter the micro-bubble generator for gas-liquid mixing and generate minute and dense bubbles.

A mixing apparatus is described. The mixing apparatus has a first port for receiving milk, a second port for receiving steam, and a mixing chamber for mixing the milk, the steam, and air. A channel arrangement connects the first port and the second port, and defines an air intake channel which leads to a frothing section. The mixing apparatus is designed such that, in use, the frothing section fills sufficiently with steamed milk that has a direct path from the second port to the mixing chamber is interrupted by the steamed milk. This provides a noise reduction during use of the mixing apparatus. A flow reducing means, such as a barrier, may be used for this purpose.

A mixing apparatus is described. The mixing apparatus has a first port for receiving milk, a second port for receiving steam, and a mixing chamber for mixing the milk, the steam, and air. A channel arrangement connects the first port and the second port, and defines an air intake channel which leads to a frothing section. The mixing apparatus is designed such that, in use, the frothing section fills sufficiently with steamed milk that has a direct path from the second port to the mixing chamber is interrupted by the steamed milk. This provides a noise reduction during use of the mixing apparatus. A flow reducing means, such as a barrier, may be used for this purpose.

An aeration apparatus for aerating water discharged from a hydraulic turbine includes: a manifold disposed within a crown of a runner of the hydraulic turbine; a plurality of radial pipes extending radially from an outer perimeter of the manifold and in fluid communication with the manifold; and one or more air injectors having a first end disposed within an aeration pipe, each of the one or more air injectors having a second end extending into a nozzle at a first end of one of the radial pipes. Rotation of the aeration apparatus resulting from rotation of the runner causes pumping of water from the manifold through the radial pipes past the one or more air injectors, and water flowing past the one or more air injectors causes air to become entrained in the water. The radial pipes discharge the water and entrained air from the aeration apparatus.

A microbubble generator is formed from at least two of a flow path constituting section that constitutes a flow path through which a liquid is passable, and a decompression member including a colliding section that is fitted into the flow path constituting section and locally reduces a cross-sectional area of the flow path to generate microbubbles in the liquid that passes through the flow path. This microbubble generator includes an outlet connecting to a negative pressure producing section of the decompression member, an outside air introduction port provided in the flow path constituting section to introduce outside air, and an outside air introduction path communicating between the outside air introduction port and the outlet.

Provided is a slurry treatment apparatus includes: a treatment tank for performing any treatment of a solid-liquid reaction, a solid-gas reaction, a gas-liquid reaction, and solid-liquid separation on a slurry containing a metal or a metal compound; a first pipe; a second pipe; and a pump, in which one end of the first pipe has a suction opening for sucking the slurry from the treatment tank, the other end of the first pipe is connected to a suction port of the pump, one end of the second pipe is linked to a discharge port of the pump, the other end of the second pipe is connected to a microbubble generator, and the microbubble generator includes a throttle that throttles a flow of the slurry and a gas supply tube for supplying gas to the throttle, and supplies microbubbles to the slurry in the treatment tank.

Provided is a slurry treatment apparatus includes: a treatment tank for performing any treatment of a solid-liquid reaction, a solid-gas reaction, a gas-liquid reaction, and solid-liquid separation on a slurry containing a metal or a metal compound; a first pipe; a second pipe; and a pump, in which one end of the first pipe has a suction opening for sucking the slurry from the treatment tank, the other end of the first pipe is connected to a suction port of the pump, one end of the second pipe is linked to a discharge port of the pump, the other end of the second pipe is connected to a microbubble generator, and the microbubble generator includes a throttle that throttles a flow of the slurry and a gas supply tube for supplying gas to the throttle, and supplies microbubbles to the slurry in the treatment tank.

A trihalomethane (THM) and volatile organic compound (VOC) removal system includes: a storage vessel; a fluid inlet on the storage vessel where fluid enters said storage vessel; a fluid outlet on the storage vessel where fluid exits said storage vessel; and a fluid fitting on said storage vessel. Fluid leaves the storage vessel via an inlet conduit attached to the fluid fitting and flows through a pump and passes through a venturi aspirator, and returns to the storage vessel through an outlet conduit attached to the storage vessel.

A trihalomethane (THM) and volatile organic compound (VOC) removal system includes: a storage vessel; a fluid inlet on the storage vessel where fluid enters said storage vessel; a fluid outlet on the storage vessel where fluid exits said storage vessel; and a fluid fitting on said storage vessel. Fluid leaves the storage vessel via an inlet conduit attached to the fluid fitting and flows through a pump and passes through a venturi aspirator, and returns to the storage vessel through an outlet conduit attached to the storage vessel.