In a method for discharging components that are mixed in a centrifugal mixer, a mixing cup is provided that is closed by a piston and that is subsequently pivoted.

Systems and methods are described for supplying a rinsing liquid including ultrapure water and an ammonia gas. The system includes an ultrapure water source and a gas mixture source in fluid communication with a contactor. The gas mixture includes ammonia gas and a carrier gas. The system includes a control unit configured to adjust a flow rate of the ultrapure water source such that an operational pressure of the contactor remains below a pressure threshold. The system includes a compressor configured to remove a residual transfer gas out of the contactor. The contactor generates a rinsing liquid having ultrapure water and a concentration of the ammonia gas dissolved therein. The system includes a pump in fluid communication between the contactor and an outlet. The pump is configured to deliver the rinsing liquid having a gaseous partial pressure below the pressure threshold at the outlet.

A gas solution manufacturing device 1 includes a gas supply line 2 configured to supply a gas as a raw material of a gas solution, a liquid supply line 3 configured to supply a liquid as a raw material of the gas solution, a gas solution production unit 4 configured to mix the gas and the liquid together to produce the gas solution, a gas-liquid separation unit 5 configured to perform gas-liquid separation of the produced gas solution into a supplied liquid to be supplied to a use point and a discharged gas to be discharged through an exhaust port, and a gas dissolving unit 6 provided in the liquid supply line 4 and configured to dissolve the discharged gas resulting from the gas-liquid separation in the liquid. The gas dissolving unit 6 is configured with a hollow fiber membrane configured with a gas permeable membrane.

The present invention provides a method of efficiently manufacturing an emulsion that is improved in monodispersibility by a membrane emulsification method. The manufacturing method for an emulsion of the present invention includes circulating a mixed liquid containing a water phase and an oil phase in a circulation circuit including one or more tanks, a porous body, liquid-delivering means, and circulation pipes configured to connect the tanks, the porous body, and the liquid-delivering means so that the mixed liquid passes through the porous body a plurality of times, wherein the circulation circuit further includes a gas-separating device, and wherein the gas-separating device is configured to remove air bubbles from the mixed liquid therethrough.

A microfluidic system and method suitable for liquid mixing. The microfluidic system uses a pump (400) as the driving source, which draws at least two liquid samples that are to be mixed into the pump (400). Some air is drawn into the pump (400) as well. The system is also comprised of a mixing reservoir (203). The two liquids drawn into the pump (400) are pushed into the mixing reservoir (203). The air bubbles generated by the air have a stirring effect on the mixed liquid in the mixing reservoir (203). After the air bubbles burst, left at rest, and the air has risen to the top of the mixing reservoir (203), the mixed liquid is drawn back to the pump (400) and fed to the outlet (103) for subsequent detection steps. The addition of an antifoaming agent will prevent the accumulation of air bubbles during the mixing process. In the system, the valves (501, 502, 503, 504) and the sensors (601, 602, 603, 604) in the microfluidic channels (301, 302, 303, 304) will be used for the operation of the microfluidic system and for the precise control of the flow.

A chemical liquid application apparatus according to one embodiment includes: a processing unit which applies a chemical liquid to a substrate; and a viscosity adjustment unit including a viscosity adjustment bottle which mixes a chemical liquid and a diluent. The viscosity adjustment bottle includes a first introduction port into which the chemical liquid is introduced, a second introduction port into which the diluent diluting the chemical liquid is introduced, a porous body which is connected to the first and second introduction ports and includes a plurality of holes through which the chemical liquid and the diluent introduced from the first and second introduction ports flow, and a discharge port which is connected to the porous body and from which the mixture of the chemical liquid and the diluent is discharged.

To realize excellent durability of an apparatus, realize a dissolved gas amount suitable for propagation of ultrasonic waves, and stably generate fine bubbles that further comply with a treatment using ultrasonic waves. An ultrasonic treatment apparatus according to the present invention includes: a treatment part capable of accommodating a treatment liquid and an object to be treated; an ultrasonic generator that is provided in the treatment part and applies ultrasonic waves to the object to be treated; and a circulation path for circulating the treatment liquid in the treatment part, in which a fine bubble generator which performs deaeration on an extracted treatment liquid and generates fine bubbles in the treatment liquid, is provided to the circulation path, in series with a treatment liquid extraction pipe. The fine bubble generator has two or more narrow portions each having an opening flow path with a size narrower than an inside diameter of the treatment liquid extraction pipe, in which the opening flow paths of the narrow portions adjacent to each other are configured to prevent the treatment liquid from proceeding straight, and an opening cross-sectional area at each pressure reduction zone satisfies a predetermined relation.

A method of producing a carbonated beverage comprising a blend of water and syrup having a predetermined final carbonation level. The method includes the steps of: introducing CO.sub.2 into a flowing stream of a product blend comprising water, syrup and dissolved oxygen, such that CO.sub.2 is dissolved in the product blend; deaerating the CO.sub.2-containing product blend by introducing the blend into a vented atmospheric vessel, the interior of which is at ambient pressure with a headspace maintained above the surface of the liquid within the vessel, whereby dissolved oxygen is released from the product blend and vented from the vessel; pumping the deaerated product blend from the vessel, wherein the deaerated blend includes dissolved CO.sub.2 at an intermediate carbonation level less than the final carbonation level; and carbonating the deaerated product blend to the final carbonation level downstream of the vented vessel to produce a carbonated beverage for subsequent packaging. A system for performing the method is also provided, as well as a method of producing a beverage using nitrogen deaeration.

The invention relates to a method and a device for improving the biodegradability of an organic sludge. It comprises at least two treatment cycles each of a total duration of between around 8 s and around 20 s and each comprising a first step of producing a first hydrolysed sludge emulsion in a first, reduced zone, by injecting a gas into said reduced zone. a second step of abruptly expanding the emulsion in a second zone—the expansion zone—and a third step of recovering the emulsion via a third, restriction zone.

A method for producing a sealant includes a weighing and mixing step, a kneading step, a stirring and defoaming step, and a filling step. In the weighing and mixing step, a main component and a curing agent are weighed and mixed together. In the kneading step, the mixture mixed in the weighing and mixing step is kneaded. In the stirring and defoaming step, the kneaded product kneaded in the kneading step is stirred and defoamed. In the filling step, the kneaded product defoamed in the stirring and defoaming step is filled into a container. In the stirring and defoaming step, the kneaded product is stirred under a condition wherein a stirring rotational speed at which the kneaded product is stirred and a stirring time for which the kneaded product is stirred are within a range from an arithmetic product lower limit value to an arithmetic product upper limit value.