Emulsifier particles and methods for making and using same. The emulsifier particles can include an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate, an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a modified tall oil, or a blend of an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate and an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a modified tall oil. The emulsifier particles can have a BET specific surface area of about 0.3 m.sup.2/g to about 1 m.sup.2/g. The method for making the emulsifier particles can include reducing a size of an emulsifier solid via a mechanical attrition process to produce the emulsifier particles.

A method for producing a resin particle dispersion includes using a resin particle dispersion production apparatus including: two or more resin particle dispersion production lines each including an emulsification tank in which a resin is subjected to phase inversion emulsification using two or more organic solvents and an aqueous medium to thereby obtain a phase-inverted emulsion, a distillation tank in which the organic solvents are removed from the phase-inverted emulsion by reduced pressure distillation to thereby obtain a resin particle dispersion, and plural distillate collection tanks that collect distillates formed during the reduced pressure distillation according to respective target distillate compositions; and a reusable distillate storage tank A that collects and stores a distillate collected in at least one distillate collection tank A among the distillates collected in the plural distillate collection tanks in each of the two or more resin particle dispersion production lines. The distillate collected in the reusable distillate storage tank A is delivered to the emulsification tank in at least one resin particle dispersion production line among the two or more resin particle dispersion production lines to reuse the distillate for production of a phase-inverted emulsion in the at least one resin particle dispersion production line.

A substrate processing apparatus includes: at least one processing part for etching a polysilicon film or an amorphous silicon film formed on a substrate using an alkaline chemical liquid; a reservoir configured to recover and store the chemical liquid used in the at least one processing part; processing lines configured to supply the chemical liquid stored in the reservoir to the at least one processing part; a circulation line configured to take out the chemical liquid from the reservoir and to return the same to the reservoir; and a first gas supply line connected to the circulation line and configured to supply an inert gas to the circulation line. The circulation line includes an ejection port configured to eject a mixed fluid of the inert gas supplied by the first gas supply line and the chemical liquid taken out from the reservoir into the chemical liquid stored in the reservoir.

Microbubble production and size isolation with high yield processing. Specifically, a size isolation process is used in which a diffusion coefficient related to gas diffusion forces acting on microbubbles in suspension is controlled through maintaining diffusion parameters for the suspension. Diffusion parameters may include effective viscosity, which may be a function of microbubble volume fraction. Another diffusion parameter controlled may include temperature. In turn, microbubbles may be size isolated at high yields, which may provide for advantageous microbubble products that demonstrate increased stability for storage.

Producing a resin particle dispersion using an apparatus including: two or more resin particle dispersion production lines each including an emulsification tank in which a resin is subjected to phase inversion emulsification using two or more organic solvents and an aqueous medium to obtain a phase-inverted emulsion, a distillation tank in which the organic solvents are removed from the phase-inverted emulsion by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a resin particle dispersion, and plural distillate collection tanks that collect distillates formed during the reduced pressure distillation according to respective target distillate compositions; and a reusable storage tank that collects and stores a distillate collected in at least one collection tank among the distillates collected in the plural collection tanks in each of the two or more production lines, and delivering the distillate to the emulsification tank in at least one production line to reuse the distillate for producing a phase-inverted emulsion.

A coulter assembly for collecting soil samples from an agricultural field in one embodiment comprises an annular collection blade configured for penetrating soil to capture a sample, an annular cam ring configured for stationary mounting to a frame of an agricultural vehicle and comprising a cam track, a blade hub coupled to the blade for rotatably supporting the annular collection blade from the annular cam ring, and a movable sample collector mounted to the annular collection blade. The moveable sample collector is configured and operable for extracting a soil sample as the annular collection blade is rotated through the soil. The moveable sample collector in one embodiment comprises a piston mechanism including a cylinder and rod movably disposed therein which actuated by the annular cam ring to alternatingly open and close a collection end of the cylinder as the annular collection blade rotates through the soil.

An automated computer-controlled sampling system and related methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing agricultural samples for various chemical properties such as plant available nutrients. The sampling system allows multiple samples to be processed and analyzed for different analytes or chemical properties in a simultaneous concurrent or semi-concurrent manner. Advantageously, the system can process soil samples in the “as collected” condition without drying or grinding. The system generally includes a sample preparation sub-system which receives soil samples collected by a probe collection sub-system and produces a slurry (i.e. mixture of soil, vegetation, and/or manure and water), and a chemical analysis sub-system which processes the prepared slurry samples for quantifying multiple analytes and/or chemical properties of the sample. The sample preparation and chemical analysis subsystems can be used to analyze soil, vegetation, and/or manure samples.

An automated computer-controlled sampling system and related methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing agricultural samples for various chemical properties such as plant available nutrients. The sampling system allows multiple samples to be processed and analyzed for different analytes or chemical properties in a simultaneous concurrent or semi-concurrent manner. Advantageously, the system can process soil samples in the “as collected” condition without drying or grinding. The system generally includes a sample preparation sub-system which receives soil samples collected by a probe collection sub-system and produces a slurry (i.e. mixture of soil, vegetation, and/or manure and water), and a chemical analysis sub-system which processes the prepared slurry samples for quantifying multiple analytes and/or chemical properties of the sample. The sample preparation and chemical analysis sub-systems can be used to analyze soil, vegetation, and/or manure samples.

An automated computer-controlled sampling system and related methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing agricultural samples for various chemical properties such as plant available nutrients. The sampling system allows multiple samples to be processed and analyzed for different analytes or chemical properties in a simultaneous concurrent or semi-concurrent manner. Advantageously, the system can process soil samples in the “as collected” condition without drying or grinding. The system generally includes a sample preparation sub-system which receives soil samples collected by a probe collection sub-system and produces a slurry (i.e. mixture of soil, vegetation, and/or manure and water), and a chemical analysis sub-system which processes the prepared slurry samples for quantifying multiple analytes and/or chemical properties of the sample. The sample preparation and chemical analysis sub-systems can be used to analyze soil, vegetation, and/or manure samples.

An automated computer-controlled sampling system and related methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing agricultural samples for various chemical properties such as plant available nutrients. The sampling system allows multiple samples to be processed and analyzed for different analytes or chemical properties in a simultaneous concurrent or semi-concurrent manner. Advantageously, the system can process soil samples in the “as collected” condition without drying or grinding. The system generally includes a sample preparation sub-system which receives soil samples collected by a probe collection sub-system and produces a slurry (i.e. mixture of soil, vegetation, and/or manure and water), and a chemical analysis sub-system which processes the prepared slurry samples for quantifying multiple analytes and/or chemical properties of the sample. The sample preparation and chemical analysis sub-systems can be used to analyze soil, vegetation, and/or manure samples.