Provided is an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by generating film boiling by causing a heater provided in a liquid to generate heat, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus including: an element substrate including a first heater that generates the film boiling in the liquid and a second heater that is arranged adjacent to the first heater, in which the first heater and the second heater are driven in different timings.

Provided is an ultrafine bubble generating apparatus that generates ultrafine bubbles by generating film boiling by causing a heater provided in a liquid to generate heat, the ultrafine bubble generating apparatus including: an element substrate including a first heater that generates the film boiling in the liquid and a second heater that is arranged adjacent to the first heater, in which the first heater and the second heater are driven in different timings.

An ultra-fine bubble generating unit and an ultra-fine bubble-containing liquid manufacturing apparatus. Provided is an ultra-fine bubble generating unit and an ultra-fine bubble-containing liquid manufacturing apparatus capable of maintaining stable UFB generation efficiency and generating a high-quality UFB-containing liquid with less variation. To this end, the number of heating elements arrayed along a direction of a liquid flowing over the heating elements (arrow F1 direction) is n1, and the number of the heating elements arrayed to cross the arrow F1 direction is n2. In this case, a heating element substrate of a UFB generating unit in the present embodiment has a configuration in which a relationship of n1<n2 is satisfied.

Described herein are systems relating to a continuous-flow instrument that includes all necessary components for digital droplet quantification without the need to introduce key reagents or collect and transfer droplets between stages of instrument operation. Digital quantification can proceed without any additional fluid or consumable handling and without exposing fluids to risk of external contamination.

Described herein are systems relating to a continuous-flow instrument that includes all necessary components for digital droplet quantification without the need to introduce key reagents or collect and transfer droplets between stages of instrument operation. Digital quantification can proceed without any additional fluid or consumable handling and without exposing fluids to risk of external contamination.

An ultra-fine bubble-containing liquid generating apparatus (UFB-containing liquid generating apparatus) includes a dissolving unit that generates a gas dissolving liquid and an ultra-fine bubble generating unit that generates ultra-fine bubbles in the gas dissolving liquid. Additionally, the UFB-containing liquid generating apparatus includes a temperature controlling unit that controls at least one of temperatures of the dissolving unit and the ultra-fine bubble generating unit such that the temperature of the ultra-fine bubble generating unit is equal to or lower than the temperature of the dissolving unit.

A manufacturing apparatus for a solidified matter of an ultra-fine bubble (UFB)-containing liquid includes: a UFB generating unit that generates the UFB-containing liquid; and a cooling unit that generates the solidified matter of the UFB-containing liquid by cooling the UFB-containing liquid. The cooling unit cools the ultra-fine bubble-containing liquid such that a first solidified portion and a second solidified portion at a lower ultra-fine bubble concentration than that of the first solidified portion are formed in the solidified matter.

Provided is a UFB generating apparatus capable of manufacturing an ozone UFB-contained liquid with high purity and quality. To this end, in the UFB generating apparatus capable of generating UFBs containing ozone by causing film boiling in ozone water, a liquid contact portion to come into contact with the ozone water is made of a material with corrosion resistance to ozone water.

Provided is an ultra-fine bubble-containing liquid manufacturing apparatus that can suppress viable cell contamination inside a UFB generating unit. To this end, it is provided with an ultra-fine bubble generating unit that generates an ultra-fine bubble by making film boiling by a heating unit in a liquid in which a gas is dissolved, and a radiating unit that is capable of irradiating a wetted portion of the ultra-fine bubble generating unit with ultraviolet rays.

Described herein are systems relating to a continuous-flow instrument that includes all necessary components for digital droplet quantification without the need to introduce key reagents or collect and transfer droplets between stages of instrument operation. Digital quantification can proceed without any additional fluid or consumable handling and without exposing fluids to risk of external contamination.