A carbonated water dispenser comprises a carbonator with a water inlet and a carbonated water outlet. A backflow preventer module is fluidically coupled to the water inlet and comprises a check valve and a thermal mass flow meter. The thermal mass flow meter is configured to communicate a first signal based on a measured amount of heat transferred from a heater to a temperature sensor by a flow of a fluid through the backflow preventer module. A shut-off valve is fluidically coupled between the carbonated water outlet and a nozzle. The shut-off valve is configured to allow or prevent fluid flow from the carbonated water outlet to the nozzle base on a control signal. A controller is configured to detect a backflow condition based on the first signal and generate the control signal to configure the shut-off valve to prevent dispensing carbonated water upon detection of the backflow condition.

Provided are a method for supplying water of specified concentration, including: a step of adding at least two liquids, a conductive first liquid and a non-conductive second liquid, to ultrapure water to produce water of specified concentration containing a first liquid-component and a second liquid-component at specified concentrations, in which a mixed solution in which the first liquid and the second liquid are mixed at a specified mixing ratio in advance is prepared; and the mixed solution is added to the ultrapure water so that a conductivity or specific resistance of the ultrapure water after the addition satisfies a specified value, and an apparatus therefor.

A system includes a recirculation line, a mainline flow meter operable to measure a flowrate of fluid flowing through the recirculation line, a mixing chamber, an inlet line coupled between the recirculation line and the mixing chamber, at least one chemical injection port coupled to the inlet line, a dedicated feed pump operably associated with each chemical injection port, and an outlet line coupled between the mixing chamber and the recirculation line. The mixing chamber includes a plurality of mixing zones, a mixing blade assembly that includes at least one blade within each mixing zone, and a motor coupled to the mixing blade assembly and operable to rotate the mixing blade assembly. Each of the dedicated feed pumps is coupled to a separate chemical supply and is operable to pump a chemical to the corresponding chemical injection port for injection into the inlet line.

A specific resistance value adjustment apparatus includes: a hollow fiber membrane module; a module passing pipe which passes through the hollow fiber membrane module; a bypassing pipe which bypasses the hollow fiber membrane module; a liquid discharge pipe which communicates with the module passing pipe and the bypassing pipe through a joint portion; a first flow rate detection unit which detects a first flow rate of a liquid flowing to at least one of a liquid supply pipe and the liquid discharge pipe; a control valve which opens and closes the module passing pipe; and a control unit which sets an opening degree of the control valve in response to the first flow rate detected by the first flow rate detection unit.

Embodiments of the present application provide a liquid supply system and a liquid supply method. The liquid supply system includes: a mixing tank, the mixing tank being connected to at least a first injection pipe, a second injection pipe and a replenishing pipe; the first injection pipe and the second injection pipe being configured to inject a first liquid and a second liquid into the mixing tank respectively, so as to form a mixed liquid; a parameter acquisition module configured to acquire a concentration of the first liquid in the mixed liquid; and a treatment module configured to control, based on the acquired concentration of the first liquid and a preset concentration of the first liquid, the replenishing pipe to inject the first liquid with a first flow rate into the mixing tank, or inject the second liquid with a second flow rate into the mixing tank.

A carbonated water dispenser comprises a carbonator with a water inlet and a carbonated water outlet. A backflow preventer module is fluidically coupled to the water inlet and comprises a check valve and a thermal mass flow meter. The thermal mass flow meter is configured to communicate a first signal based on a measured amount of heat transferred from a heater to a temperature sensor by a flow of a fluid through the backflow preventer module. A shut-off valve is fluidically coupled between the carbonated water outlet and a nozzle. The shut-off valve is configured to allow or prevent fluid flow from the carbonated water outlet to the nozzle base on a control signal. A controller is configured to detect a backflow condition based on the first signal and generate the control signal to configure the shut-off valve to prevent dispensing carbonated water upon detection of the backflow condition.

A method of determining a dry proppant concentration in a fracturing fluid includes combining a wet proppant with a carrier fluid in a mixer to form the fracturing fluid. The dry proppant concentration of the fracturing fluid leaving the mixer is determined using a moisture content of the wet proppant entering the mixer, wherein use of the moisture content prevents overestimation of the dry proppant concentration. The method can be preformed using a system for injecting fracturing fluid into a borehole, the fracturing fluid including a carrier fluid mixed with a wet proppant including a dry proppant dampened with a dampening liquid. The system includes a mixer operable to receive and mix the carrier fluid and the wet proppant to form the fracturing fluid, a frac pump operable to inject the fracturing fluid into the borehole, and a control system comprising a processor operable to receive a moisture content of the wet proppant before being mixed with the carrier fluid and programmed to determine a dry proppant concentration of the fracturing fluid formed in the mixer using a moisture content of the wet proppant, wherein use of the moisture content prevents overestimation of the dry proppant concentration.

A system for deaeration of constituents of a liquid product blend includes a first liquid stream supply system and a second liquid stream supply system. A control system is configured to: (i) monitor flow of the first liquid and responsively/automatically control flow of the first deaeration gas in order to achieve a first target ratio of first deaeration gas to first liquid; and/or (ii) monitor flow of the second liquid and responsively/automatically control flow of the second deaeration gas in order to achieve a second target ratio of second deaeration gas to second liquid; and/or (iii) monitor a dissolved oxygen level of (a) the first liquid, at a location downstream of injection of the first deaeration gas, and (b) a combined liquid formed by mixing the first liquid and the second liquid, and to adjust the system based upon the dissolved oxygen level of the combined liquid.

A method is for manufacturing elements including hydraulic binder and aggregates. The method includes mixing a dry mortar composition including hydraulic binder and aggregates with water, to form a wet mortar. The method also includes pumping and conveying the wet mortar towards an outlet. During the conveying at least two physical properties of the wet mortar are measured on-line. The physical properties include viscosity and at least one of flow and density.

Provided herein are gas mixing systems, comprising a gas inlet for receiving two or more gases and a mixing chamber with a static mixer for mixing the gases. Preferred mixing chambers further comprise a reduced pressure compartment downstream of the static mixer that is in fluid communication with the gas inlet. A gas outlet is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber, and one or more sensors are coupled to the reduced pressure compartment and are configured to continuously sense various parameters such as barometric pressure and the percentage of oxygen in the gas mixture moving through the mixing device. Most typically, the readings of the sensor are pre-compensated for temperature, pressure, and humidity. Also provided herein are methods for using the same.