The present invention relates to the field of solid materials for the adsorption of lithium. In particular, the present invention relates to a novel process for preparing a solid crystalline material formed preferably in extrudate form, of formula (LiCl).sub.x.2Al(OH).sub.3,nH.sub.2O with n being between 0.01 and 10, x being between 0.4 and 1, comprising a step a) to precipitate boehmite under specific conditions of temperature and pH, a step to place the precipitate obtained in contact with a specific quantity of LiCl, at least one forming step preferably via extrusion, said process also comprising a final hydrothermal treatment step, all allowing an increase in lithium adsorption capacity and in the adsorption kinetics of the materials obtained compared to prior art materials, when used in a process to extract lithium from saline solutions.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a high cohesive energy adsorbent for fluoride removal, which includes the following steps: S1. adding NaHF.sub.2—NiF.Math.6H.sub.2O additive to SiCO ceramic powder, and sintering at a temperature of 310-330° C. for 18-22h to obtain a sintered substance; S2. grinding the sintered substance to obtain particles with a size of 2-3 mm, and mixing the particles with polyacrylonitrile to form a composite polymer; and S3. molding the composite polymer by a vacuum baking process at a temperature of 75-85° C., then performing ball milling and sieving to obtain the high cohesive energy adsorbent for fluoride removal. The high cohesive energy adsorbent for fluoride removal may be used in the adsorption and separation of the C.sub.2F.sub.6—CHF.sub.3—CClF.sub.3 mixture system, and the contents of CHF.sub.3 and CClF.sub.3 are lowered to less than 10ppmv.

A separation membrane, suitably for oil and water separation. The membrane including a porous substrate layer and an active layer arranged over at least a part of the substrate layer. The active layer includes a hydrophilic agent and a superhydrophilic agent. Also described is a method of producing the separation membrane and a drain valve comprising the membrane.

The present invention relates to a leakage-preventing high performance desiccant composition and a preparation method therefor, wherein a solid desiccant composition includes calcium chloride (CaCl.sub.2), magnesium chloride (MgCl.sub.2), and metal oxide, wherein the metal oxide may be calcium oxide (CaO), and a gel desiccant composition includes metal chloride and an absorbent polymer, wherein the metal chloride may be calcium chloride (CaCl.sub.2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl.sub.2), and the absorbent polymer may be CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose).

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods of making ammonia using stable ammonia absorbents. The system and method for producing ammonia, comprises a reactor comprising a catalyst that converts at least a portion of nitrogen feed gas and at least a portion of hydrogen feed gas to ammonia (NH3) forming a reaction mixture comprising the ammonia, unreacted nitrogen, and unreacted hydrogen. An absorber configured to selectively absorb ammonia from the reaction mixture at a temperature of about 180 deg. C. to 330 deg. C. and a pressure of about 1-20 bar, the absorber comprising a solid absorbent. Preferably the solid absorbent is at least one metal halide and a solid support. The unabsorbed ammonium, the unreacted nitrogen, and unreacted hydrogen gas are recycled to the reactor.

A first process and sorbent for removing ammonia from a gaseous environment, the sorbent comprised of graphene oxide having supported thereon at least one compound selected from metal salts, metal oxides and acids, each of which is capable of adsorbing ammonia. A second process and sorbent system for removing ammonia and a volatile organic compound from a gaseous environment; the sorbent system comprised of two graphene-based materials: (a) the aforementioned graphene oxide, and (b) a nitrogen and oxygen-functionalized graphene. The sorbents are regenerable under a pressure gradient with little or no application of heat. The processes are operable through multiple adsorption-desorption cycles and are applicable to purifying and revitalizing air contaminated with ammonia and organic compounds as may be found in spacesuits, aerospace cabins, underwater vehicles, and other confined-entry environments.

Disclosed are systems and methods of rapidly cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling. The burst mode cooling system may include a complex compound sorber configured to rapidly absorb ammonia. The system may be used to provide pulses of cooling to directed energy systems, such as lasers and other systems that generate bursts of heat in operation.

The present invention relates to an improved diatomaceous earth composition containing salt water. The diatomaceous earth composition according to the present invention comprises an agglomerated mixture of calcined diatomaceous earth particles, water and at least one inorganic salt, wherein the mass ratio of the calcined diatomaceous earth particles and water is in the range of 1:1.0 to 1:2.0, and wherein the content of the at least one inorganic salt is equal to or more than 0.25 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of water. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing the diatomaceous earth composition according to the present invention. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the diatomaceous earth composition according to the present invention as an agent for precoat filtration or dynamic body feed filtration in biopharmaceutical applications.

A system for distilling water is disclosed. The system comprises a heat source, and a plurality of open-cycle adsorption stages, each stage comprising a plurality of beds and an evaporator and a condenser between a first bed and a second bed, wherein each bed comprises at least two vapor valves, a plurality of hollow tubes, a plurality of channels adapted for transferring water vapor to and from at least one of the condenser or the evaporator, a thermally conductive water vapor adsorbent, and wherein each vapor valve connects a bed to either the condenser or the evaporator.

A method for preparing a modified sodium fluoride adsorbent includes the following steps: S1. producing spherical particles of NiCl.sub.12.6H.sub.2O and porous NaF with a mass ratio of 1:3.0-3.5; S2. sintering the spherical particles in a vacuum environment at a temperature of 120-130° C. for 10-40 hours and at a temperature of 280-300° C. for 10-40 hours, respectively, to form an adsorbent intermediate with a NiCl.sub.2—NaF framework, wherein, a vacuum degree is less than or equal to 500 pa; and S3. treating the adsorbent intermediate by fluorine-nitrogen mixtures with high purity to obtain the novel sodium fluoride adsorbent having NiCl.sub.2—NaF framework. The modified sodium fluoride adsorbent can effectively separate chlorine trifluoride and hydrogen fluoride molecules, and the optimal adsorption rate of hydrogen fluoride is upgraded to more than 98%. While, the optimal adsorption rate of chlorine trifluoride is lowered down to around 3%.