Described herein is a functional graphene composition comprising a graphene scaffold and one or more metal chelating functional groups covalently bonded to the graphene scaffold and a porous substrate that includes the functional graphene composition. Also provided is a method of removing dissolved metals from an aqueous liquid, such as, acid mine drainage.

A method, comprising i) contacting an aqueous solution of an organic ligand salt of the formula A.sub.x(L.sup.-x) with a mesoporous material (MPM) to form an impregnated mesoporous salt material of the formula A.sub.x(L.sup.-x)/MPM, ii) treating the impregnated mesoporous salt material with an aqueous acidic solution to form an impregnated mesoporous acid material of the formula H.sub.x(L.sup.- .sup.x)/MPM, iii) contacting an aqueous solution of a metal precursor of the formula M.sup.+y(B).sub.y with the impregnated mesoporous acid material to form an impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor of the formula [M.sup.+y(B).sub.y][H.sub.x(L.sup.-x)]/MPM, and iv) at least one of 1) heating the impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor in the absence of a solvent or 2) exposing the impregnated mesoporous metal organic framework precursor to a volatile vapor in the absence of a solvent such that the heating or the exposing forms a hybrid material of the formula (M.sup.+yL.sup.-x)/MPM, wherein the hybrid material comprises a nano-crystalline metal organic framework (MOF) embedded within the mesoporous material.

Provided herein are methods of making an adsorbent bed useful as a micro-reactor, or a catalytic and/or separation device. The adsorbent bed comprises a metal-organic framework composite. In the present methods, one or more metal-organic frameworks in powder form are mixed in a liquid to produce a metal-organic framework suspension or other type of metal-organic framework coating. A monolith is coated with the suspension or coating to provide the metal-organic framework composite having at least one metal-organic framework coating layer deposited on and bounded to the monolith. The metal-organic framework composite produced has a BET surface area of about 1 m.sup.2/g to about 300 m.sup.2/g and/or a comparative BET surface area of about 40% to about 100% relative to the metal-organic framework monolith, and pore size between about 1 nm and about 50 nm.

A magnetic soil remediation agent for soil heavy metal pollution and a preparation method and application thereof are provided. The magnetic soil remediation agent is prepared by using remediation agent framework material and magnetic core material as raw materials, and heavy metal collector as modifier; said framework material is silicon dioxide activated by strong alkali; said magnetic core material comprises magnetic materials Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 and γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3; said modifier comprises ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt (NTA), (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N-disuccinic acid trisodium salt (EDDS) and mercaptoethylamine. The remediation agent of the present invention can effectively passivate the heavy metals in the soil, reduce their available contents, and inhibit the absorption of heavy metals by plants.

Embodiments describe a method of depositing an MOF, including depositing a metal solution onto a substrate, spinning the substrate sufficient to spread the metal solution, depositing an organic ligand solution onto the substrate and spinning the substrate sufficient to spread the organic ligand solution and form a MOF layer.

Provided are MOF-fabric composites having a crystalline MOF adhered directly to fibers of the fabric and methods of making MOF-fabric composites. A solution is adsorbed onto a fabric. The solution can include a metal salt, a linker, and a solvent. The solution is adsorbed onto the fabric and the fabric suspended over a heated vapor. The vapor releases onto the fabric, causing the metal salt, the linker, and the solvent to diffuse out of the polymer fibers. The linker links metal from the metal salts to form crystals attached to the fabric, and the vapor aids crystallization.

A method of producing a functionalized material that extracts metal ions from solution, the method comprising: (i) providing a precursor material having nitrile groups appended to its surface; and (ii) reacting said nitrile groups with hydroxylamine or a derivative thereof in the presence of a polar aprotic solvent at a temperature of 60-80° C. for at least 1 hour, to convert at least a portion of said nitrile groups to amidoxime and imide dioxime groups, followed by reaction with a base capable of hydrolyzing any remaining nitrile groups to carboxylic acid groups; wherein said functionalized material has a higher uranium absorption capacity than a functionalized material produced under same conditions except that the nitrile groups are reacted with hydroxylamine in only a protic solvent. The invention is also directed to functionalized materials produced by the above-described method, and methods for using the functionalized material for extracting metal ions from metal-containing solutions.

A sorbent structure that includes a continuous body in the form of a flow-through substrate comprised of at least one cell defined by at least one porous wall. The continuous body comprises a sorbent material carbon substantially dispersed within the body. Further, the temperature of the sorbent structure can be controlled by conduction of an electrical current through the body.

A fiber is provided as a substrate for a functional nanostructure (coated fiber), composed of (a) a fiber substrate; (b) a reactive dye conjugating moiety covalently bound to the fiber substrate; (c) a bonding agent covalently bound to the reactive dye conjugating moiety; and (d) the functional nanostructure bound to the bonding agent. A method of making the coated fiber is also provided, involving the following steps in any order: covalently binding the reactive dye conjugating moiety to the fiber; covalently binding a bonding agent to the reactive dye conjugating moiety; and binding the functional nanostructure to the bonding agent. The nanostructures are tenaciously attached to the fibers, resisting very rough treatments, and can be made using inexpensive and widely available reactive dyes under non-stringent synthesis conditions.

Package of a tobacco or nicotine containing product comprising a packaging material having a moisture regulating product, the moisture regulating product comprising at least one metal-organic framework compound and at least an inorganic salt.