A process for synthesis of urea from CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 wherein a steam flow (13) produced in the condenser (3) of a high-pressure synthesis loop is compressed to raise its pressure and temperature before using the steam as a heat source for a downstream step of the process.

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.−1 to 5 in.sup.−1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1).

Disclosed is an apparatus for preparing phosphoric acid from a fume exiting the kiln in a kiln phosphoric acid process, the apparatus comprises a hydration tower and an acid solution cyclical spraying system, a fume inlet of the fume exiting the kiln is disposed at a lower portion of the hydration tower, a fume outlet after hydration and absorption is disposed at the top, a spraying device is disposed in a cavity of the hydration tower above the fume inlet, a liquid inlet of the acid solution cyclical spraying system is disposed on a bottom of the hydration tower, a liquid outlet of the acid solution cyclical spraying system is connected to a liquid intake pipe of the spraying device. The present invention has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable layout, strong adaptability, high raw material utilization rate, reduced contaminant emissions, and high recovery rate of phosphoric acid etc.

A reformer reactor is provided for converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich gas by auto-thermal reaction process having a cylindrically shaped and double walled, housing with two side faces forming a reaction chamber of the reformer. Additionally, a fuel inlet is provided in one of the two side faces for providing hydrocarbon fuels into the reaction chamber, wherein further a fuel preheating means is provided which preheats the hydrocarbon fuel before the hydrocarbon fuel enters the reaction chamber.

A process for synthesis of urea from CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 wherein a steam flow (13) produced in the condenser (3) of a high-pressure synthesis loop is compressed to raise its pressure and temperature before using the steam as a heat source for a downstream step of the process.

A reactor for performing a gas/liquid biphasic high-pressure reaction with a foaming medium, comprising an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap, wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone and a zone of limited backmixing, wherein the backmixed zone and the zone of limited backmixing are consecutively traversable by the reaction mixture, wherein the backmixed zone comprises means for introducing gas and liquid and a gas outlet and also comprises at least one mixing apparatus selected from a stirrer, a jet nozzle and means for injecting the gas, and the zone of limited backmixing comprises a reaction product outlet, a first cylindrical internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and which delimits the zone of limited backmixing from the backmixed zone, backmixing-preventing second internal elements in the form of random packings, structured packings or liquid-permeable trays arranged in the zone of limited backmixing and a riser tube whose lower end is arranged within the backmixed zone and whose upper end opens into the zone of limited backmixing so that liquid from the backmixed zone can ascend into the zone of limited backmixing via the riser tube, wherein flow into the zone of limited backmixing enters from below. The reactor is configured such that the high-pressure reaction space is optimally utilized and contamination of workup steps or subsequent reactions arranged downstream of the high-pressure reaction with foam is substantially avoided. The invention further relates to a process for performing a continuous gas/liquid biphasic high-pressure reaction in the reactor.

Provided is a system and a method for preparing ultrafine silica by leaching silicate ore using hydrogen chloride gas, comprising an ore raw material feeding device, an ejector, a stirring tank and a liquid-solid separation device. A circulated material outlet of a stirred tank is connected with a liquid inlet of an ejector through a circulation pipe; a liquid outlet of the ejector is connected with a circulated material inlet of the stirred tank; a material outlet of a raw ore feeding apparatus is connected with the circulation pipe; and the circulated material outlet of the stirred tank is connected with a solid-liquid separation apparatus. Based on the system and method in the present disclosure, an industrially feasible solution for preparing silica by continuously leaching a silicate ore is provided. The dissolution efficiency of ores and the utilization of hydrochloric acid are greatly increased.

A plant uses one or more renewable energy sources to facilitate the processing of a hydrocarbon to produce hydrogen, syngas or other products. One renewable energy source is solar energy, which may be harnessed by (a) directly heating a thermal storage medium by way of a concentrated solar thermal (CST) plant; (b) converting the solar energy using photovoltaic cells to produce electricity and using the electricity to heat the thermal storage medium, (c) a combination of both, or (d) converting the solar energy using photovoltaic cells to produce electricity and using the electricity to heat a reactor by way of resistive or inductive heating. The thermal storage medium, when used, is arranged to store enough thermal energy to enable 24-hours a day processing of the hydrocarbon. Electricity derived from PV cells may be used to enable the production of heat for processing when radiant energy from the sun is insufficient.

Combined apparatus (1) for the synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide, comprising an internal wall (3) which delimits two coaxial zones (4) inside the apparatus, operating respectively as reaction (4) and condensation (5) zones, and optionally also comprising a stripping zone and/or a scrubber integrated in the same apparatus.

The present invention proposes a plant (110) for producing reaction products. The plant (110) comprises at least a preheater (114). The plant (110) comprises at least one raw material supply (118) which is adapted for supplying at least one raw material to the preheater (114). The preheater (114) is adapted for preheating the raw material to a predetermined temperature. The plant (110) comprises at least one electrically heatable reactor (122). The electrically heatable reactor (122) is adapted for at least partially converting the preheated raw material into reaction products and byproducts. The plant (110) comprises at least one heat integration apparatus (132) which is adapted for at least partially supplying the byproducts to the preheater (114). The preheater (114) is adapted for at least partially utilizing energy required for preheating the raw material from the byproducts.