A microwave-based thermal coupling chemical looping gasification method and device. The device includes: a microwave radiation cavity; a loading recess of a microwave absorbing material; and a quartz pipe reaction cavity between the microwave radiation cavity and the loading recess of a microwave absorbing material. A microwave generator consisting of magnetrons is provided at a central portion of the microwave radiation cavity and below the loading recess. An infrared temperature-measuring probe group is arranged at two ends of the magnetrons. Two ends of the microwave radiation cavity are connected to a first and second three-way valves, in communication with the ambient atmosphere and a protection gas charging device. A protection gas cooling device and a protection gas circulating fan are sequentially connected in series on a pipeline between the valves.

The invention relates to a pressure vessel, having: a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or facilitation of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) accommodated in the reaction chamber (2); a fluid inlet (20) with a feed valve (21) which is adjustable between an open position, for the feed of a fluid, preferably a flushing gas, into the reaction chamber (2), and a closed position, for stopping the feed of the fluid; a fluid outlet (30) with a discharge valve (31), which is adjustable between an open position, for the discharge of a fluid out of the reaction chamber (2), and a closed position, for stopping the discharge of the fluid out of the reaction chamber (2); and an oxygen sensor (33) for detecting an oxygen content in the reaction chamber (2). The pressure vessel (1) furthermore has a control device which is configured to control the feed valve (21) and the discharge valve (31) on the basis of the oxygen content detected by the oxygen sensor (33), such that the reaction chamber (2) is flushed via the feed and discharge valves (21, 31) situated in the open position, and at least the discharge valve (31) switches from the open position into the closed position as soon as a predetermined oxygen content is undershot. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal pulse or shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors and the substrate to cause the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll consecutive portions of the substrate sheet from the roll; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to consecutive portions of the substrate sheet that are unrolled from the roll by rotating the first rotatable member. Some systems and methods produce nanoparticles on existing substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

A vessel system for high-pressure reactions is disclosed. The system includes a plugged polymer cylinder reaction vessel with a pressure vent opening extending radially through the wall of the reaction vessel and a supporting frame into which the vessel is received. Complementing keying structure elements on the vessel and on the frame limit the orientation of the reaction vessel in the supporting frame and the radially extending vent opening to a defined single position.

A reactor includes a first outer tube configured to contain a working fluid, and a first inner tube disposed in the first outer tube. The first inner tube is configured to contain a source of heat to transfer or absorb heat to or from the working fluid. The reactor further includes a second inner tube in the first outer tube. The second inner tube is wound around the first inner tube in a helical fashion, and the second inner tube is configured absorbs heat from and/or dissipates heat to the working fluid, and/or facilitate a reaction in a reactant contained in the second inner tube.

It is an object to provide a manufacturing method for a large amount of positive electrode active material with few variations, having a highly uniform surface condition, micro-size, and high performance. An aqueous solution of a compound, which becomes the source material for the positive electrode active material, is put in an airtight container and irradiated with microwaves, thus heating while water in the airtight container is evaporated and a high pressure is formed in the air tight container. A large amount of micro-sized positive electrode active material having a highly uniform surface condition can be formed. A compound, which becomes the source material for the positive electrode active material, is put in an airtight container and irradiated with microwaves, thus heating while water in the airtight container is evaporated and a high pressure is formed in the air tight container.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll the substrate; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to the substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.

Provided is a method for producing particles, the method including a particle generating step of forming a product particle flow including target product particles by heating a segmented reaction raw material liquid flow divided into segments by a gas for segmentation under applying pressure at a pressure P.sub.1 (MPa) and at a heating temperature T (° C.) to react the raw material for particle formation to generate the target product particles, in which, at the particle generating step, (V.sub.d/V.sub.c) is 0.200 to 7.00 and the pressure P.sub.1 at the particle generating step is 2.0 times or more a vapor pressure P.sub.2 (MPa) of a solvent at the heating temperature T. According to the present invention, a method for producing particles having a narrow particle size distribution with high production efficiency can be provided.

A neutron absorber synthesis system that can synthesize boron carbide that is a raw material for a neutron absorber, by recycling boron (B-10) of a mass number 10 that can absorb boron, particularly neutrons existing in boric acid waste fluid, is provided. The neutron absorber synthesis system includes: a pre-processing unit to which a radioactive waste including boron is supplied from the outside and inflows to the inside and a compound is produced by removing moisture of the radioactive waste by heat treatment by a first heat source; and a boron carbide synthesizing unit to which the compound produced from the radioactive waste is inflowed inside and a boron carbide is synthesized from a raw material containing the compound and carbon by heat treatment by a second heat source.

A microwave pyrolysis reactor including an elongated hollow body defining an internal cavity, a bottom body secured to the bottom end of the elongated hollow body, and a top body secured to the top end of the elongated hollow body, the elongated hollow body and the bottom and top bodies form an enclosure for receiving a product to be pyrolyzed, wherein the elongated hollow body includes an elongated wall extending between an internal face and an external face, the elongated wall being provided with at least one fluid receiving cavity for receiving therein a temperature control fluid in order to control a temperature of the product when received in the enclosure, and with the at least one fluid receiving cavity extending at least within a bottom section of the elongated wall adjacent to the bottom body.