The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1) having a pressure vessel wall (1a) which completely surrounds a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or promotion of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of a sample (P) to be heated which is accommodated in the reaction chamber (2), wherein the pressure vessel wall (1a) has an infrared-permeable high-pressure window (30) which extends away outward in a direction from the reaction chamber (2) and which is supported in the pressure vessel wall (1a) with respect to a pressure in the reaction chamber (2), wherein the pressure vessel (1) furthermore has an infrared to temperature sensor (40) which is situated directly opposite the high-pressure window (30), in order to measure the temperature of a sample (P), accommodated in the reaction chamber (2), during a pressure reaction through the high-pressure window (30).

Methods for liquefaction of carbonaceous materials, including methods that use electromagnetic radiation. Systems for liquefaction of carbonaceous materials. The systems may include a circulation conduit for mixing reactants, and/or a heating apparatus that relies on electromagnetic radiation.

Provided are: a method of preparing a cannabis processed product having an increased CBD content in an efficient and economic manner, through a decarboxylation reaction by continuous microwave irradiation of a cannabis extract; and use of a processed product having an increased CBD content prepared by the method, a fraction thereof, and a single ingredient of CBD, in foods, drugs, and cosmetics.

A process and apparatus for heating a microwave transparent material or di-polar material. The apparatus includes a vessel that has susceptor material on at least a portion of the vessel walls. Microwaves are generated by a microwave transmitter and introduced into the vessel which can heat both microwave transparent materials and di-polar materials within the vessel.

The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1, 1′), having a lower part (20) and the lid (24) which can be locked to one another, in order, in the state in which they are locked to one another, to surround a reaction chamber (22) on all sides as a pressure space for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) which are received in the reaction chamber (22), and a fluid inlet (FE) with a check valve (4) for feeding a fluid into the reaction chamber (22), the check valve (4) extending at least partially in the lid (24).

A device for rapidly preparing β-Si3N4 by gas-solid reaction and a method thereof, and relates to the technical field of recycling and reuse of waste fine silicon powder. The bottom of a stock bin communicates with a first opening and closing passage, a first connection passage, and the top of a first transitional bin; the bottom of the first transitional bin communicates with the first opening and closing passage, a second connection passage, and the top of a reaction bin; the bottom of the reaction bin communicates with a second opening and closing passage, the first connection passage, and the top of a second transitional bin; the bottom of the second transitional bin communicates with the top of a conveying passage through the first opening and closing passage; a material outlet of the conveying bin communicates with the collection bin.

Mechanical stirred bed reactors that incorporate a screen are described. Methods of using such reactors to process perfluoropolymers to form perfluorinated olefin monomers are also described. The reactors and methods may be used to upcycle filled perfluorinated materials.

Synthesizing upconverting nanoparticles includes heating a precursor solution comprising one or more rare earth salts, an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth salt, and a solvent comprising a plasticizer in a microwave reactor to yield a product mixture, and cooling the product mixture to yield the upconverting nanoparticles. Core-shell upconverting nanoparticles are synthesized by combining the upconverting nanoparticles with a precursor solution comprising one or more rare earth salts, an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth salt, and a solvent comprising a plasticizer to yield a nanoparticle mixture, heating the nanoparticle mixture in a microwave reactor to yield a product mixture, and cooling the product mixture to yield the core-shell upconverting nanoparticles.

A large capacity natural material composition conversion apparatus using a microwave with a preset pressure function includes a chamber including a sealed reaction space accommodating a material, an radiator configured to heat the material by radiating a microwave into the reaction space, a pressure regulator configured to regulate a pressure of the reaction space by supplying a gas into the reaction space, and a controller configured to control the pressure regulator and the radiator, and preliminarily increase a pressure of the reaction space by controlling the pressure regulator before heating the material.

An apparatus and method for manufacturing solid particles based on inert gas evaporation. The method includes forming a continuous gaseous feed flow, and injecting the continuous gaseous feed flow through an inlet into a free-space region of a reactor chamber in the form of a feed jet flow, and forming at least one continuous jet flow of a cooling fluid and injecting the at least one jet flow of cooling fluid into the reaction chamber. The feed jet flow is made by passing the feed flow at a pressure above the reactor chamber pressure in the range from 0.01.Math.10.sup.5 to 20.Math.10.sup.5 Pa through an injection nozzle. The jet flow of cooling fluid is made by passing the cooling fluid through an injection nozzle which directs the jet flow of cooling fluid such that it intersects the feed jet flow with an intersection angle between 30 and 150°.