Polymers synthesized by solid-phase synthesis are selectively released from a solid support by reversing the bias of spatially addressable electrodes. Change in the current and voltage direction at one or more of the spatially addressable electrodes changes the ionic environment which triggers cleavage of linkers that leads to release of the attached polymers. The spatially addressable electrodes may be implemented as CMOS inverters embedded in an integrated circuit (IC). The IC may contain an array of many thousands of spatially addressable electrodes. Control circuity may independently reverse the bias on any of the individual electrodes in the array. This provides fine-grained control of which polymers are released from the solid support. Examples of polymers that may be synthesized on this type of array include oligonucleotides and peptides.

A method and apparatus for producing a biocide from a hypochlorite oxidant and an ammonium salt are provided. The method includes monitoring a control parameter to optimize the ratio between the hypochlorite oxidant and the ammonium salt. The control parameter may be oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, induction or oxygen saturation.

Disclosed herein are a method and systems for cumene hydroperoxide cleavage with an improved configuration for online instrumentation. The systems comprise a first fluid loop comprising one or more reactors and a fluid pump and a second fluid loop in fluid communication with the first fluid loop. This second fluid loop comprises an instrument configured to measure a characteristic of a fluid flowing through the second loop, wherein an input of the second fluid loop is disposed downstream of said fluid pump and an output of the second fluid loop is disposed upstream of said fluid pump. The method comprises causing fluid to flow within a first stage comprising one or more reactors and a fluid pump, wherein the first stage is configured to decompose a cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of a catalyst mixture to form a dicumyl peroxide mixture. The method also comprises causing at least a portion of the fluid to flow through a instrumentation line in open fluid communication with the first stage. This instrumentation line comprises an instrument configured to measure a characteristic of the fluid flowing through the instrumentation line and an input of the instrument line is disposed downstream of said fluid pump.

The present invention is directed to a process for the production of exhaust catalysts. In particular, the process describes a way of coating a substrate in a manner which finally leads to reduced coating times.

Systems and methods for monitoring a particle/fluid mixture are provided. The method can include flowing a mixture comprising charged particles and a fluid past a particle accumulation probe. The method can also include measuring electrical signals detected by the probe as some charged particles pass the probe without contacting the probe while other charged particles contact the probe. The measured electrical signals can be manipulated to provide an output. The method can also include determining from the output if the charged particles contacting the probe have, on average, a different charge than the charged particles that pass the probe without contacting the probe.

A method and apparatus for producing a biocide from a hypochlorite oxidant and an ammonium salt are provided. The method includes monitoring a control parameter to optimize the ratio between the hypochlorite oxidant and the ammonium salt. The control parameter may be oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, induction or oxygen saturation.

Polymers synthesized by solid-phase synthesis are selectively released from a solid support by reversing the bias of spatially addressable electrodes. Change in the current and voltage direction at one or more of the spatially addressable electrodes changes the ionic environment which triggers cleavage of linkers that leads to release of the attached polymers. The spatially addressable electrodes may be implemented as CMOS inverters embedded in an integrated circuit (IC). The IC may contain an array of many thousands of spatially addressable electrodes. Control circuity may independently reverse the bias on any of the individual electrodes in the array. This provides fine-grained control of which polymers are released from the solid support. Examples of polymers that may be synthesized on this type of array include oligonucleotides and peptides.

The present invention is directed to a process for the production of exhaust catalysts. In particular, the process describes a way of coating a substrate in a manner which finally leads to reduced coating times.

A method and apparatus for producing a biocide from a hypochlorite oxidant and an ammonium salt are provided. The method includes monitoring a control parameter to optimize the ratio between the hypochlorite oxidant and the ammonium salt. The control parameter may be oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, induction or oxygen saturation.

A method and apparatus for producing a biocide from a hypochlorite oxidant and an ammonium salt are provided. The method includes monitoring a control parameter to optimize the ratio between the hypochlorite oxidant and the ammonium salt. The control parameter may be oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, induction or oxygen saturation.